__ analysis is based on the concept that the longer you have to wait to receive money, the less valuable it is right now.

When a manager treats employees as lazy, unmotivated, and in need of tight supervision, the employees eventually meet the manager's expectations by acting that way. According to Douglas McGregor, this is known as a(n)___________.

Logistics Solutions provides order fulfillment services for dot merchants. The company maintains warehouses that stock items carried by its dot clients. When a client receives an order from a customer, the order is forwarded to Logistics Solutions, which pulls the item from storage, packs it, and ships it to the customer. The company uses a predetermined variable overhead rate based on direct labor-hours. In the most recent month, 120,000 items were shipped to customers using 2,300 direct labor-hours. The company incurred a total of $7,360 in variable overhead costs. According to the company's standards, 0.02 direct labor-hours are required to fulfill an order for one item and the variable overhead rate is $3.25 per direct labor-hour.
Required:
1. What variable overhead cost should have been incurred to fill the orders for the 120,000 items? How much does this differ from the actual variable overhead cost?
2. Break down the difference computed (1) above into a variable overhead rate variance and a variable overhead efficiency variance.

Stark Company's most recent balance sheet reported total assets of $1.82 million, total liabilities of $0.84 million, and total equity of $0.98 million. Its Debt to equity ratio is:

Free-Flo Pipes & Plumbing Corporation is a private employer involved in an employment discrimination suit under the Civil Rights Act. Punitive damages may be recovered against Free-Flo only if the employer ​...a. ​can easily afford to pay the amount.
b. ​has one hundred or more employees.
c. ​consents.
d. ​acted with malice or reckless indifference.

The end of the year is approaching, and Maxine has begun to focus on ways of minimizing her income tax liability. Several years ago she purchased an investment in Teal Limited Partnership, which is subject to the at-risk and the passive activity loss rules. (Last year Maxine sold a different investment that was subject to these rules and that produced passive activity income.) She believes that her investment in Teal has good long-term economic prospects. However, it has been generating tax losses for several years in a row. In fact, when she was discussing last year's income tax return with her tax accountant, he said that unless "things change" with respect to her investments, she would not be able to deduct losses this year.a. What was the accountant referring to in his comment?
b. You learn that Maxine’s current at-risk basis in her investment is $1,000 and that her share of the current loss is expected to be $13,000. Based on these facts, how will her loss be treated?
c. After reviewing her situation, Maxine’s financial adviser suggests that she invest at least an additional $12,000 in Teal to ensure a full loss deduction in the current year. How do you react to his suggestion?
d. What would you suggest Maxine consider as she attempts to maximize her current year deductible loss?

The Crestar Company reported net income of $112,000 on 20,000 average outstanding common shares. Preferred dividends total $12,000. On the most recent trading day, the preferred shares sold at $50 and the common shares sold at $95. What is this company's current price-earnings ratio?