The correct option is d. attractive forces between different covalent molecules are the right response.
Intermolecular forces (IMFs) are attractive interactions between separate covalent molecules. These forces arise due to temporary imbalances in electron distribution, leading to regions of partial charge within molecules. Unlike covalent bonds that hold atoms within a molecule together, IMFs act between different molecules.
This includes forces like London dispersion forces (arising from temporary fluctuations in electron distribution), dipole-dipole interactions (between polar molecules with permanent dipoles), and hydrogen bonding (a special type of dipole-dipole interaction involving hydrogen bonded to electronegative atoms like oxygen, nitrogen, or fluorine). IMFs influence properties like boiling points, solubility, and phase changes. They're crucial in understanding the behavior of liquids and solids, particularly in cases involving non-metallic compounds.
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The correct answer is: d. attractive forces between separate covalent molecules
Intermolecular forces are the forces of attraction that exist between molecules, rather than within molecules (intramolecular forces). These forces play a crucial role in determining the physical properties of substances, such as boiling points, melting points, and solubility. The options a, b, c, and e are not correct descriptions of intermolecular forces:
a. Forces within covalent molecules that hold them together refer to intramolecular forces, such as covalent bonds, which involve the sharing of electrons between atoms within a molecule.
b. Electrostatic forces between ions are ionic bonds, which involve the transfer of electrons from one atom to another, leading to the formation of positively and negatively charged ions. This is not an example of intermolecular forces.
c. Bonds between hydrogen and oxygen atoms in water molecules refer to hydrogen bonds, which are a specific type of intermolecular force. However, this option does not encompass all types of intermolecular forces.
e. Covalent bonds within a network solid are intramolecular forces that hold the atoms together in a three-dimensional lattice, as seen in substances like diamond or quartz. This is not representative of intermolecular forces.
Therefore, the correct option is d, which correctly describes intermolecular forces as attractive forces between separate covalent molecules. These forces can include London dispersion forces (Van der Waals forces), dipole-dipole interactions, and hydrogen bonding, among others.
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Answer:
61 grams
Explanation:
If the number of moles of CO₂ in the balloon is given to be 3.5 moles, the mass of CO₂ in the balloon will be
number of moles = mass ÷ molar mass
Hence, mass = number of moles × molar mass
Molar mass of CO₂ is 44g. This is 44 because the atomic mass of carbon is 12 while that of oxygen is 16. Thus, 12 + (16 × 2) = 44 g
mass= 3.5 moles × 44g
mass = 154g (which is the initial mass)
When the mass of CO₂ in the 25.5 liter balloon is 154g, the mass of CO₂ in the balloon when the volume of CO₂ in the balloon is 15.4 liter will be X
To get X,
25.5 L ⇒ 154g
15.4 L ⇒ X
cross-multiply, and
X = (15.4 × 154) ÷ 25.5
X = 93.00 grams (which is the final mass)
93.00 grams of CO₂ was left in the balloon, hence the mass of CO₂ that escaped will be: initial mass minus final mass
= 154g - 93g
= 61g
The mass of CO₂ that escaped is 61 grams
c. atomic numbers
b. chemical behavior
d. mass numbers
Answer:
d. mass numbers
Explanation:
Isotopes are atoms that have the same number of protons (atomic number) but different number of neutrons. As the definition of mass number is the sum of protons and neutron in an atom, the isotopes have different mass numbers.
The most accurately represented John Dalton's model of the atom is: C. a tiny, solid sphere with a predictable mass for a given element
The development of atomic theory starts from the first term conveyed by Greek scientists who suggested that every substance has the smallest particles so that the word atomos appears, which means it cannot be divided. So, John Dalton, a British scientist put forward the hypothesis about atoms, among others:
Point 3 shows the relationship with The Law of Constant Composition of Proust so that further research on atoms is more developed
Dalton's hypothesis is described as a solid sphere like a very small shot put ball or a bowling ball based on Dalton's hobby in bowling
Bohr's model of the atom
Rutherford performed the gold foil experiment
The part of an atom that is mostly empty space
Keywords: atom, Dalton, a solid sphere, The Law of Constant Composition
The statement that accurately represents John Dalton’s model of the atom is
Further Explanation:
Postulates of John Dalton’s atomic model:
1. The matter contains indivisible particles. These particles are known as atoms.
2. Atoms can neither be created nor be destroyed.
3. Atoms of the same element show similarity in their shape and mass, but they are different from the elements of the other elements.
4. Atom is the smallest unit that participates in the chemical reaction.
5. Atoms of different elements can form compounds by combining with each other in a fixed, simple and whole number ratios.
6. Atoms of the same element can form two or more compounds by combining in more than one ratio.
Advantages of John Dalton’s atomic model:
1. This theory explains the laws of chemical combination.
2. It provides a clear distinction between atoms and molecules. Atom is the fundamental particle of an element whereas the molecule is that of a compound.
Limitations of John Dalton’s atomic model:
1. It failed to explain the further division of atoms into subatomic particles.
2. It did not mention any concept of isotopes (atoms of the same element with same atomic number and different mass numbers) and isobars (atoms of different elements with same mass number but different atomic numbers).
3. This theory failed to explain the reason for the existence of allotropes.
4. This theory is not applicable to complex organic molecules.
Dalton’s atomic model is also known as the billiard ball model. He assumed atoms to be tiny solid spherical objects similar to the billiard balls. He called these atoms as indivisible particles. But they have some mass for the particular element.
So atom is a tiny solid sphere with a predictable mass for the given element.
Learn more:
1. Rate of chemical reaction: brainly.com/question/1569924
2. Bohr’s model of the atom: brainly.com/question/2965079
Answer details:
Grade: High School
Subject: Chemistry
Chapter: Structure of the atom
Keywords: Tiny, solid, sphere, atom, John Dalton’s model, small particle, indivisible, allotropes, isobars, isotopes, complex, organic molecules, molecules, distinction, fundamental, laws of chemical combination, fixed, simple, chemical reaction.
c=299,792,458
f=2x10to the 12th Hz
lambda=c/f
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