CHEMISTRY MIDDLE SCHOOL

write equations to show the chemical processes which occur when the first ionization and the second ionization energies of lithium are measured?

Answers

Answer 1

Answer:

Answer:

First ionization of lithium:

$\text{Li}\;(g)\to \text{Li}^(+) \; (g) + \text{e}^(-)$ .

Second ionization of lithium:

$\text{Li}^(+)\;(g) \to\text{Li}^(2+) \;(g) + \text{e}^(-)$ .

Explanation:

The ionization energy of an element is the energy required to remove the outermost electron from an atom or ion of the element in gaseous state. (Refer to your textbook for a more precise definition.) Some features of the equation:

Start with a gaseous atom (for the first ionization energy only) or a gaseous ion. Write the gaseous state symbol $(g)$ next to any atom or ion in the equation.
The product shall contain one gaseous ion and one electron. The charge on the ion shall be the same as the order of the ionization energy. For the second ionization energy, the ion shall carry a charge of +2.
Charge shall balance on the two sides of the equation.

First Ionization Energy of Li:

The products shall contain a gaseous ion with charge +1 $\text{Li}^(+)\;(g)$ as well as an electron $\text{e}^(-)$ .
Charge shall balance on the two sides. There's no net charge on the product side. Neither shall there be a charge on the reactant side. The only reactant shall be a lithium atom which is both gaseous and neutral: $\text{Li}\;(g)$ .

Hence the equation: $\text{Li}\;(g) \to \text{Li}^(+)\;(g) + \text{e}^(-)$ .

Second Ionization Energy of Li:

The product shall contain a gaseous ion with charge +2: $\text{Li}^(2+)\;(g)$ as well as an electron $\text{e}^(-)$ .
Charge shall balance on the two sides. What's the net charge on the product side? That shall also be the charge on the reactant side. What will be the reactant?

The equation for this process is $\text{Li}^(+) \; (g) \to \text{Li}^(2+)\;(g) + \text{e}^(-)$ .

Answer 2

Answer:

Final answer:

The first ionization energy of lithium is represented by the equation: Li(g) -> Li+(g) + e-, with an energy of +54.4 eV. The second ionization energy is represented by the equation: Li+(g) -> Li2+(g) + e-, with an energy of 30.6 eV. These equations demonstrate the process of ionization.

Explanation:

The ionization energy of an element is the energy required to remove an electron from a gaseous atom or ion. The first ionization energy of lithium is represented by the equation: Li(g) -> Li+(g) + e-, the energy required for this process is +54.4 eV.

The second ionization energy refers to the energy required to remove the second electron. For lithium, the second ionization energy is represented by the equation: Li+(g) -> Li2+(g) + e-, the energy needed for ionizing the second electron is 30.6 eV.

The equations represent the processes which occur when the first ionization and the second ionization energies of lithium are measured.

Learn more about Ionization Energies of Lithium here:

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How do gases from the air help break down rocks?

Answers

Some rocks are sedimental. They are soft. Rocks are made out of gases etc. So some of the gas in the air makes a reaction with the rock which helps break the rock down.

Rocks are made up of different compounds. Gases like nitrogen, oxygen and water vapour and some non-metallic oxides react with these compounds to form new compounds and then break down into fine particles, due to breaking of bonds between the atoms, caused by the reaction of gases.This leads to break down of rocks into fine particles

Which formula represents an organic compound?( l) CaH2 (3) H2O2

(2) C4H8 (4) P2O5

Answers

Answer: The correct answer is Option 2.

Explanation:

Organic compounds are defined as those compounds in which a covalent bond is present between hydrogen and carbon atom. They are basically known as hydrocarbons. If any atom other than hydrogen and carbon is present, it is not considered as an organic compound.

From the given options:

Option 1: $CaH_2$

A, calcium atom is present, so it is not considered as an organic compound.

Option 2: $C_4H_8$

As., only carbon and hydrogen atom is only present, so it is considered as an organic compound.

Option 3: $H_2O_2$

As, oxygen atom is present, so it is not considered as an organic compound.

Option 4: $P_2O_5$

As, phosphorous and oxygen atoms are present, so it is not considered as an organic compound.

From the above information, the correct answer is Option 2.

The formula (2) $C_4H_8$ represents an organic compound.

What is an Organic compound

Organic compounds are compounds that primarily consist of carbon (C) and hydrogen (H), along with other elements such as oxygen, nitrogen, sulfur, and others. The formula $C_4H_8$ represents an organic compound that contains four carbon atoms (C₄) and eight hydrogen atoms (H₈).

These examples represent a small fraction of the vast array of organic compounds found in nature and synthesized in laboratories.

Hence we can say that option 2 is right. $C_4H_8$ represents an organic compound.

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What type of Technology would you want to use to study the gas giant planets

Answers

To study the gas giants, scientists and space explorers used spacecraft and probes. And also, one of the breakthroughs, that made exploration in the outer planet much easier was the planet gravity assist concept wherein, a much smaller space craft is used to launch in order to cope up with the accelerated speed if a spacecraft approaches the planet.

Answer asap plzWhich of the following is a true statement about heat transfer?
A.
Heat always flows from cooler objects to warmer objects.
B.
Heat always flows from warmer objects to cooler objects.
C.
Heat never travels in a similar pattern.
D.
Heat never transfers from solids to liquids.

Answers

B. heat always flows from warmer objects to cooler objects

Answer is b
it will flow from the warm and then to the cooler trying to balance out the energy and heat

Shield volcano type of eruption?

Answers

Shield volcanoes are the larges volcanoes in the world, named for their flat, shield-like structure. Their eruptions are highly fluid, so the lava travels quite fast. This results in steady accumulation of sheets of lava, building up the volcanoes form. Eruptions contain low viscosity magma. This means that the magma is relatively "thin", and it will flow quickly.

Hope this helps!

it is not a big explosive eruption ti is normally a small eruption
fun fact
moist of haiwy is a shield volacono

Of the following metals, which is the LEAST reactive? A. K
B. Ca
C. Na
D. Mg

Answers

Answer: D. Mg

Explanation:

Chemical reactivity is defined as the tendency of an element to loose of gain electrons.

Metals are the elements which lose electrons and hence, their chemical reactivity will be the tendency to lose electrons.

Their chemical reactivity increases as we move top to bottom in a group because the valence shell come gets far away from the nucleus. Thus, the loss of electron from the valence shell becomes easier due to lesser attraction between nucleus and valence electron.

Their chemical reactivity decreases as we move from left to right in a period .As, the electrons get added up in the same shell, the electron in the outermost orbital gets near to the nucleus. And hence, the electron will be difficult to lose.Thus, the chemical reactivity of metals decreases.

For the given options:

Potassium(K) belongs to Group 1 and period 4 of the periodic table.

Calcium (Ca) belongs to Group 2 and period 4 of the periodic table.

Sodium (Na)belongs to Group 1 and Period 3 of the periodic table.

Magnesium (Mg) belongs to Group 2 and Period 3 of the periodic table.

Order of reactivity of metals follow:

$K>Ca>Na>Mg$