Solidsto gases without entering liquid state
Chemical reactions can be classified based on patterns such as reversibility or irreversibility, changes in chemical structure, and changes in chemical energy. These changes can refer to the reaction direction, molecular rearrangements, and energy transformations.
The criteria for classifying chemical reactions are notable patterns of behavior and include factors such as reversibility or irreversibility, changes in chemical structure, and changes in chemical energy. For instance, reversibility or irreversibility refers to the direction in which the reaction takes place. A reaction may synthesize into a product and then decompose back into the reactants, an instance of reversible reaction.
Changes in chemical structure involve a transformation in the arrangements of atoms in the reactants and the products. For instance, in a chemical reaction involving the transfer of hydrogen ions between reactants, the structure of the molecules changes.
Changes in chemical energy denote transformations involving energy, either by absorption or release, accompanying the reaction process. This is a characteristic feature of exergonic and endergonic reactions. For instance, in an exergonic reaction, energy is released due to the reaction.
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Answer:
Colligative properties depend on the quantity of solute and solvent and the identity of the solvent.
Explanation:
Colligative properties are defined as a set of intensive physical properties that result from the interactions between solute and solvent that form a solution. In this group of properties, we can find the freezing point depression, boiling point elevation, osmotic pressure, and vapor pressure lowering.
The mentioned properties dependon the amount of solute and solvent (concentration) and the nature of the solvent. this fact can be pictured by the freezing point depression formula:
where is the freezing point of the pure solvent, is the freezing point of the solution,is the freezing point depression constant and m is the molality
In the equation, it can be seen that the change of temperature of the solution with respect to the pure solvent depends on the molality, which is the ratio of moles of solute and mass of solvent. Moreover, the change also depends on the freezing point depression constant that is a characteristic of the solvent.
Answer:
The correct option is: D.act as a Lewis base in water.
Explanation:
Ammonia is a hydride of nitrogen with the chemical formula NH₃. It is a colorless gas with a characteristic pungent smell. According to the VSEPR theory, it has a trigonal pyramidal structure.
In water, ammonia acts as a Lewis base due to the presence of lone pair on the nitrogen atom. Lewis bases are electron pair or lone pair donors.
Water molecules are carried into n-butanol.
n-Butanol molecules surround water molecules.
n-Butanol molecules are attracted to the surface of the water molecules.
Water is dissolved into n-butanol (a polar liquid). The second step at the molecular level as water dissolves into n-butanol is n-Butanol molecules surround water molecules.
Dissolving is a process of fully mixing of the solute into a solvent. When there molecules of solute and the molecules of solvent mixed and there is no difference between them.
Thus, the correct option is C, n-Butanol molecules surround water molecules.
Learn more about dissolving
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