Answer: The correct answer is that steroidal hormones enter the nucleus and change gene expression in a target cell.
Steroidal hormones are hydrophobic in nature due to which they easily cross plasma membrane (lipid bilayer).
Their receptors are generally present inside the cell either in cytoplasm or on nuclear membrane.
They usually produce their effect by changing the gene expression of the cell.
Example of steroidal hormone may include estrogen, testosterone, et cetera.
I believe the correct answer is C. Enter the nucleus and change gene expression in the target cell.
Steroid hormones are released by steroid glands namely the testes, the ovaries and the adrenal cortex of the adrenal gland. They are lipophylic and can pass through the cell membrane of the target cell producing a faster response.
Steroid hormones belong to a class of body chemicals called steroids that are formed during the process of steroidogenesis. Examples include estrogen, progesterone, testosterone and glucocorticoids produced by the adrenal cortex of the adrenal gland on top of the kidney. The adrenal gland is divided into the adrenal medulla that produced epinephrine and norepinephrine and the adrenal cortex that is further divided into 3 regions i.e. the zona reticularis is the lowest layer and produces the hormones testosterone and estrogen that are both steroid hormones, middle zona fasculata that makes mineralocorticoids and the topmost layer called the zona glomerulosa that produces pure steroid hormones such as cortisol that helps the body to respond to stress.
The steroid hormones are lipophilic (lipid loving) hence they can pass through the membrane of the cell much more easily and reach the nucleus of the cells to cause a change in gene expression. This hormone is in contrast to the other hormone type i.e. non steroid hormones that are made of chains of amino acids to be polypeptides. They are the majority of hormones and attach to cellular receptors such as g protein coupled receptors (GPCR) then cause phosphorylation in the cell via the cAMP pathway to cause the cell to undergo changes in gene expression. They are lipophobic (lipid hating) meaning they cannot pass through the lipid bilayer of the cell membrane. The hormones can be local acting and act on the same cell that produced the hormone (autocrine), acting on neighboring cells (paracrine) or acting on distant cells (endocrine). They function the same as neurons to produce a response but they are slower and have a long lasting effect compared to neurons. They also are chemical signals compared to the electrical signals of neurons.
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Level: High School
Subject: Biology
Topic: The cell
I belive that the correct answer is you will undergo a condition called metabolic acidosis.
The pH of blood is 7.35 and the pH of pure water ranges from 7-8.5 but it is most steady at a pH of 7. Infusing tap water would prove to be detrimental due to a combination of problems. Pure water contains minerals and ions that make the pH of the water more acidic. Adding an acidic liquid into the bloodstream directly will cause a spike of blood pH. To balance this acidic pH, the respiration of the person will increase so that breathing will be shallow to provide oxygen while removing more carbon dioxie. CO2 contributes to the pH of the body by making the blood more acidic when it forms carbonic acid. Reducing it in circulation will increase the pH of blood. Using the lungs to balance the pH is called respiratory compensation and in the instance of metabolic acidosis, the situation will be metabolic acidosis with respiratory compensation. The body will also turn to the kidney where the kidneys will stop reabsorbing more sodium ions so that when the ions are released in urine, the pH in blood will try to stabilize. This will be a problem because water will be lost as sodium ions are lost and the person involved will start to have cardiovascular conditions such as arrhythmias and muscle spasms since sodium is essential for muscles to communicate. Dehydration would range from moderate to severe and if left unattended, the person is going to have a stroke in the brain. With the brain shutting down due to the stroke, the person will not be able to breathe as ast as the body wanted to regulate the pH. So basically, the body would sabotage itself and it is a very bad idea to try to infuse pure water. Pure water is also not sterile meaning there are microorganisms that live in it and if added into the bloodstream, they can cause severe blood infections that can lead to sepsis and this will just worsen the condition of the person over time. To diagnose the acidosis, a test called Arterial Blood Gases (ABGs) is done to asses the balance of acids and bases in the blood and find out how to correct them to return homeostasis back to normal.
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Level: College
Subject: Clinical Chemistry
Topic: Metabolic Disorders
Answer:
B. endoplasmic reticulum
Just got 100% on it.
Animals contribute to soil formation through decomposition of organic material. This statement is TRUE.
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The correct answer is - True.
The animals are contributing a lot to the formation of soil, and they do this in multiple ways. One of those ways is the decomposition of the dead animals, which gives the soil a nice organic material. Also, the animals manage to increase the organic material in the soil and fertilize it through their feces, as well as through their saliva that can be very useful for the soil and the plants from some types of animals, like the goat.