B. energy
C. charge
D. the speed of light
Correct answer is D.
The famous mass-energy equivalence equation is given by Einstein. It states that mass is concentrated energy. The equivalence is expressed as, E=mc². E stands for energy equivalent to the mass m and c is the speed of light.
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B2+C2-->2BC
A+BC-->AB+C
exothermic
AB+C-->AC+B
A2+C2-->2AC
A2+B2-->2AB
Classifying reactions as endothermic or exothermic depends on the comparison of energy required to break bonds in the reactants and energy released when new bonds are formed in products. Bond formation generally releases energy and is exothermic, while bond breaking absorbs energy and is endothermic. Therefore, reactions which make more or stronger bonds (AB+C-->AC+B, A2+C2-->2AC, A2+B2-->2AB) are likely exothermic, whilst those breaking more or stronger bonds (B2+C2-->2BC, A+BC-->AB+C) are likely endothermic.
Chemical reactions can be classified as endothermic if energy (usually in the form of heat) is absorbed from the surroundings, or exothermic if energy is released into the surroundings. The key here lies in understanding the concept of bond energy. Essentially, if more energy is required to break the bonds in the reactants than is released when new bonds are formed in the products, the reaction is endothermic. Conversely, a reaction is exothermic if less energy is required to break the bonds in the reactants than is released when new bonds are formed in the products.
Without exact bond energies, we can only hypothesize about the reactions. However, the general rule is that bond formation is exothermic while bond breaking is endothermic. Therefore, any reaction that results in the formation of more or stronger bonds than it breaks would likely be an exothermic reaction (AB+C-->AC+B, A2+C2-->2AC, A2+B2-->2AB). On the other hand, a reaction that requires breaking more or stronger bonds than it forms (B2+C2-->2BC, A+BC-->AB+C) would likely be endothermic.
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The speed of the electron before reaching the positive plate is
Explanation:
As per Gauss law of electro statistics, the electric field generated by a capacitor is directly proportional to the surface charge density of the plate and inversely proportional to the dielectric constant. In simple words, the electric field is proportional to the surface charge density. So,
And then from the second law of motion,
So acceleration exerted by the electrons will be directly proportional to the force exerted on them and inversely proportional to the mass of the electron.
Since force is also calculated as product of charge with electric field in electrostatic force,
So, the charge of electron
m is the mass of electron which is equal to
Then,
So the acceleration of the electron in the capacitor will be
Then, the velocity can be observed from the third equation of motion.
As u = 0 and s is the distance of separation between two plates.
Thus,
So, the speed of the electron before reaching the positive plate is .