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Magma forms at mid-ocean ridges through a process called seafloor spreading, which happens when tectonic plates diverge and upwelling currents in the mantle push up molten rock to fill the gap. In contrast, at convergent plate boundaries, magma forms through the subduction and melting of a tectonic plate as it is forced beneath another.
At mid-ocean ridges, tectonic plates move apart from each other, forming a rift. Here, upwelling currents in the mantle cause molten rock, or magma, to rise and fill the space between the separating plates, forming basaltic lava. This process, known as seafloor spreading, results in the creation of new sea floor and undersea mountain ranges.
Conversely, magma production at convergent plate boundaries or subduction zones is different. This occurs when tectonic plates collide, and one plate is forced beneath the other. The subducting plate is thrust into the high-pressure and high-temperature conditions of the upper mantle, causing it to melt and form magma. This magma can rise to Earth's surface, resulting in volcanic activity.
In summary, the creation of magma at mid-ocean ridges is caused by the divergence of tectonic plates and upwelling in the mantle, while at convergent plate boundaries, magma forms through subduction and melting of tectonic plates.
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On the top of a mountain
Near the beach
In a valley a glacier passed through
what is x?