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Drinking Water Quality
Surface waters and aquifers can be contaminated by various chemicals, microbes, and radionuclides. Disinfection of drinking water has dramatically reduced the prevalence of waterborne diseases (such as typhoid, cholera, and hepatitis) in the United States. Other processes may also be used to treat drinking water depending on the characteristics of and contaminants in the source water.
Common sources of drinking water contaminants include:
Industry and agriculture. Organic solvents, petroleum products, and heavy metals from disposal sites or storage facilities can migrate into aquifers. Pesticides and fertilizers can be carried into lakes and streams by rainfall runoff or snowmelt, or can percolate into aquifers.
Human and animal waste. Human wastes from sewage and septic systems can carry harmful microbes into drinking water sources, as can wastes from animal feedlots and wildlife. Major contaminants include Giardia, Cryptosporidium, and E. coli.
Treatment and distribution. While treatment can remove many contaminants, it can also leave behind byproducts (such as trihalomethanes) that may themselves be harmful. Water can also become contaminated after it enters the distribution system, from a breach in the piping system or from corrosion of plumbing materials made from lead or copper.
Natural sources. Some ground water is unsuitable for drinking because the local underground conditions include high levels of certain contaminants. For example, as ground water travels through rock and soil, it can pick up naturally occurring arsenic, other heavy metals, or radionuclides.
Effects on Human Health
If drinking water contains unsafe levels of contaminants, it can cause health effects, such as gastrointestinal illnesses, nervous system or reproductive effects, and chronic diseases such as cancer. Factors that can influence whether a contaminant will lead to health effects include the type of contaminant, its concentration in the water, individual susceptibility, the amount of water consumed, and the duration of exposure.
Health effects of chemical exposure. Chemical exposure through drinking water can lead to a variety of short- and long-term health effects. Exposure to high doses of chemicals can lead to skin discoloration or more severe problems such as nervous system or organ damage and developmental or reproductive effects. Exposure to lower doses over long periods of time can lead to chronic, longer-term conditions such as cancer. The effects of some drinking water contaminants are not yet well understood.
Health effects of consuming water with disease-causing microbes. Most life-threatening waterborne diseases caused by microbes (such as typhoid fever or cholera) are rare in the United States today. The more common illnesses caused by viruses, bacteria, and parasites can result in stomach pain, vomiting, diarrhea, headache, fever, and kidney failure. Infectious diseases such as hepatitis can also occur. Hepatitis may be severe in people with weakened immune systems (e.g., infants and the elderly) and sometimes fatal in people with severely compromised immune systems (e.g., cancer and AIDS patients).
Answers
Answer: Drinking water quality is important for our health. It can be contaminated by different chemicals, microbes, and radionuclides. Thankfully, disinfection has greatly reduced waterborne diseases in the United States. Factors that determine the health effects of contaminants include the type and concentration of the contaminant, individual susceptibility, amount of water consumed, and duration of exposure.
Explanation: 1. Industry and agriculture: Chemicals like organic solvents, petroleum products, and heavy metals from disposal sites or storage facilities can seep into underground water sources called aquifers. Pesticides and fertilizers can also enter lakes and streams through rainfall or snowmelt.
2. Human and animal waste: Harmful microbes can be carried into drinking water sources through sewage, septic systems, animal feedlots, and wildlife. Some major contaminants include Giardia, Cryptosporidium, and E. coli.
3. Treatment and distribution: While water treatment removes many contaminants, it can leave behind harmful byproducts like trihalomethanes. Water can also become contaminated after entering the distribution system, from leaks in pipes or corrosion of plumbing materials like lead or copper.
4. Natural sources: Some groundwater can be unsuitable for drinking due to high levels of naturally occurring contaminants like arsenic, other heavy metals, or radionuclides.
Now, let's explore the effects of drinking water with unsafe levels of contaminants on human health:
1. Chemical exposure: Drinking water with high levels of chemicals can cause short- and long-term health effects. High doses can lead to skin discoloration, nervous system or organ damage, and developmental or reproductive effects. Chronic conditions like cancer can develop from lower doses over a long period of time. However, the effects of some contaminants are still not well understood.
2. Disease-causing microbes: Waterborne diseases caused by microbes are rare in the US, thanks to proper water treatment. However, viruses, bacteria, and parasites can still cause illnesses like stomach pain, vomiting, diarrhea, headache, fever, and kidney failure. Infectious diseases like hepatitis can also occur, especially in people with weakened immune systems.
Related Questions
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Which statement BEST describes the Puritan attitude toward tragedy?a. Tragedies are the work of God. b. Man is the cause of all tragedies. c. God protects the faithful from tragedies. d. Tragedy is a sign of weakness in one's faith.
An effective response is___________ and ___________. a. honest; critical b. useful; condescending c. empathetic; sympathetic d. descriptive; brief
Which sentence correctly follows the rule?
Question 3 options:
Did the Twentieth Century span the years 1900 to 1999 or the years 1901 to 2000?
Did the twentieth century span the years 1900–1999 or the years 1901–2000?
Did the Twentieth Century span the years 1900–1999 or the years 1901–2000?
Did the twentieth century span the years 1900 to 1999 or the years 1901 to 2000?
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Did the twentieth century span the years 1900–1999 or the years 1901–2000?
According to the style manual, centuries should be spelled out in lower case. Therefore the correct spelling of "twentieth century" should be lower not upper case like "Twentieth Century". The style manual also indicates that beginning and ending years should be separated with an en-dash as in 1900-1999 or 1901-2000.
The only answer choice that does both of these correctly is the second one.
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In her imagination she saw the diary as a friend and personalized it with the name Kitty Dear Kitty always using that expression as an introduction for his letters.
Before the Nazi occupation, Anne wrote about the life of a teenager and her family, she desired to be a novel writer, but she also wanted to write about the oppression that the Jewish people suffered in the beginning.
Anna describes the war and oppression of humans. She also describes her relationship with her family and dreamed of a free world away from the Secret Annex where she lived from 1942 to 1944 during the Nazi invasion of the Netherlands in World War II.
The nazis discovered that they were Jewish and were taken to a concentration camp. Ana had a better relationship with his father but not with her mother and sister since she didn't feel loved or valued for her opinions for being considered such a young girl.
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The correct answer is By comparing recycling one object to make another to writing a found poem.
Explanation:
Found poetry implies using elements from other poems and texts to create a new and unique poem. This idea of reusing elements from other texts is clarified in "words are borrowed, and yet the poem is unique". Moreover, the author illustrates the idea in "Just as plastic bottles can be recycled to make a new chair..." because this detail shows similar to recycling found poem uses already existing texts to create something different. According to this, the correct answer is "By comparing recycling one object to make another to writing a found poem."
Answer: Eh same, its (by comparing recycling one object to make another to writing a found poem)
Explanation: Me got it right. LOL
say thx to the first person who answered it.
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Answer:
Changing “she” to Brenna
Explanation:
Because the sentence refers to both Brenna and her sister the reader does not know who “she” is