Influenza is caused by a _______, which contains genetic information but cannot reproduce independently and is not considered to be a living organism.

1. Answer;

-Fungus

Explanation;

-A pioneer species is one which is the first to colonize an area, which can be seen with fungus in the way that spores are quickly spread across large areas.

-Pioneer species are usually lichens and mosses, which can grow on bare rocks. As they grow, the lichens and mosses help break up the rocks to form soil. When these organisms die, they provide nutrients that enrich the developing soil. Over time, seeds of plants land in the new soil and begin to grow.

2. Answer;

The statement above is true

Explanation;

-Secondary succession can happen after primary succession or independently of primary succession.

-Secondary succession is the series of community changes which take place on a previously colonized, but disturbed or damaged habitat. Examples include areas which have been cleared of existing vegetation by forest fire, tsunami, flood, or an abandoned field.

-Secondary succession may occur independently, but the stages of secondary succession are similar to those of primary succession; however, primary succession always begins on a barren surface, whereas secondary succession begins in environments that already possess soil.

3. Answer;

A. It occurs in ecosystems without soil.

Explanation;

-Secondary succession refers to the process that happens after a disruptive event, reducing the population of species in an ecosystem. As opposed to primary succession that occurs in an ecosystem lacking soil, secondary succession happens on preexisting soil.

-Primary succession occurs following an opening of a pristine habitat, for example, a lava flow, an area left from retreated glacier, or abandoned strip mine. In contrast, secondary succession is a response to a disturbance, for example, forest fire, tsunami, flood, or an abandoned field.

Grass is an example of a pioneer species, so option d is correct. The second statement is True. Secondary succession can happen after primary succession or independently of primary succession. Secondary succession reduces the number of species in an ecosystem thus the answer is (C).

Hardy species called pioneer species are the first to establish themselves in once-biodiverse steady-state ecosystems. Lichens, fungi, bacteria, fireweed, grasses, alder, and willow are examples of pioneer species.

In primary succession, living organisms first occupy newly exposed or newly created rock. In secondary succession, a previously inhabited area is disturbed, disrupted, and then recolonized as a result of the disturbance.

In third question, among all the given options only option (c), "it reduces the number of species in an ecosystem" is not true.

Before secondary succession starts, a variety of species will already be present in the ecosystem and new complex plants and animals move in as the ecosystem develops, bringing with them new species. so it will increase the number of species in an ecosystem.

Therefore, in question 1st, option d is right, in question 2nd, the given statement is true, and in 3rd, option c is right.

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The complete part of 3rd question is:

Which of the following about secondary succession is not true?

A) It occurs in ecosystems without soil.

B) It occurs in ecosystems that are already established.

C) It reduces the number of species in an ecosystem.

D) It is initiated by a disruptive event.