The animals and humans contain about 20 different amino acids, which combine in different combinations to form a functional protein.
Further Explanation:
Protein synthesis occurs in the following steps:
1. The DNA sequence present in the gene is converted into the messenger RNA (mRNA) sequence through transcription.
2. This mRNA is then translated into an amino acid sequence by translation resulting in the formation of protein or polypeptide chain.
A nucleotide sequence makes up an mRNA, which is read as a codon sequence. Each codon specifies an amino acid. A codon is a set of three nucleotides, and a complete chain of codons determining the amino acid sequence for a particular protein is called the genetic code.
The proteins are composed of different mixtures of 20 amino acids and are expressed through DNA containing only four nucleotides. The different sets of nucleotides are present in a group of three codes for particular amino acids and are referred to as codons. This combination of nucleotides results in the formation of 64 codons for coding 20 amino acids. Out of 64 codons, three are stop codons while the other 61 codons represent an amino acid.
Each amino acid consists of a carboxyl group which is acidic in nature; it has an organic side chain or R group, and an amino group (basic). The R group is unique or specific for a particular amino acid. All these groups are attached to a carbon atom placed at the center. The amino acids are grouped as essential and non-essential, depending on whether they are obtained from the food sources or made within the body, respectively.
The amino acids are essential for humans as they help in the formation of proteins. These proteins are required for the formation of red blood cells, antibodies, enzymes, transport proteins, hormones, and for growth and repair of the organs and tissues.
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Answer Details:
Grade: High School
Chapter: Protein Synthesis
Subject: Biology
Keywords:
Protein synthesis, translation, ribosomes, mRNA, transcription, DNA, nucleotides, codon, amino acids, genetic code, stop codons, amino group, carboxyl group, R group, side chain, essential amino acid, non-essential amino acid, red blood cells, enzymes, antibodies, hormones.
Living organisms typically have 20 common amino acids. Nine of these are essential for humans as the body cannot produce them. Amino acid sequences can also inform us about the evolutionary relationships between species.
In living organisms, there are typically 20 common amino acids that are found. These include asparagine, tyrosine, tryptophan and phenylalanine, each with a different R group (variant group) that determines its chemical nature. However, out of these 20, nine are considered essential amino acids in humans because the human body cannot produce them. Therefore, these nine need to be consumed in our diet.
Furthermore, the comparison of amino acid sequences in proteins such as cytochrome c among different species has been a key method to trace evolutionary relationships. In this method, the more amino acid sequence differences there are between two species, the longer ago they are presumed to have diverged from a common ancestor.
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B. ribosomes
C. mitochondria
Answer:
Option B, Ribosomes
Explanation:
Ribosome exists in both free state and also as a membrane bound organelle. Thus, ribosomes is found in both the eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells as it is an essential component that facilitates the translation of RNA and formation of protein.
Golgi apparatus and mitochondria are membrane-bound organelles and all membrane-bound organelles are found in eukaryotes only. Prokaryotes do not have membrane-bound organelles
Thus, option B is correct
Answer:
this is not biology
Explanation:
A biologist has found an organism she cannot identify while doing a census in a swamp. The best characteristic to look for in order to decide whether this organism should be classifies as a protist or as a plant is….
Answer: B) If it is unicellular, it is a protist.
Although there are single celled archaea and fungi.
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Answer:
The organism is classified as protist or plant based on whether is single celled or multicellular and whether it makes its own food.
Explanation:
Both, protists and plants are eukaryotic meaning that these have nucleus in their cells and organelles bound by membrane. Unlike plants which may be multicellular, protists are single celled. Hence, a botanist must investigate to find if the cells are multicellular or not.
Another important feature is that if the botanists finds that the organism produces its own food, then it is a plant. As plants get their own food by combining the sunlight captured with carbon dioxide from the air through process called photosynthesis.
The four reasons are
1) There is an over population.
2) There is a genetic variation in certain offspring that is helpful to survival.
3) The species struggle for survival.
4) The ones that lives will reproduce and pass on their genetic variation.
I hope that's help:0