A large, smooth, rounded articulating oval structure is called a condyle . Condyles are found at the ends of long bones, such as the femur and the humerus, and they allow for a wide range of motion at the joints.
The smooth surface of the condyle helps to reduce friction at the joint, and the rounded shape allows the condyle to move freely in all directions. Condyles are also covered in cartilage, which is a type of tissue that acts as a cushion and helps to protect the joint from wear and tear.
Here are some examples of condyles:
The femoral condyle is the rounded knob at the end of the femur (thigh bone) that articulates with the tibia (shin bone) at the knee joint.
The humeral condyle is the rounded knob at the end of the humerus (upper arm bone) that articulates with the radius and ulna (forearm bones) at the elbow joint.
The mandibular condyle is the rounded knob at the end of the mandible (lower jaw bone) that articulates with the temporal bone of the skull at the temporomandibular joint (TMJ).
Condyle injuries are relatively common, and they can occur due to overuse, trauma, or degenerative diseases such as arthritis.
When a condyle is injured, it can lead to pain, swelling, and stiffness at the joint. In severe cases, condyle injuries can require surgery to repair the damage.
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A large, smooth, rounded articulating oval structure is called a Condyle in biology. These structures are found at the ends of long bones and are crucial for understanding human anatomy.
In biology, a large, smooth, rounded articulating oval structure typically refers to a type of joint surface in the body known as Condyle. The condyles are found at the ends of long bones where these bones connect to form joints. Some examples of condyles in the human body are those found in the lower end of the femur (thigh bone) and the upper end of the tibia (shin bone). These study parts are vital to comprehend when studying human anatomy.
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B. Mismatch repair
C. Direct repair by methyltransferases
D. Nucleotide excision repair
Answer:
The correct answer is B. Mismatch repair
Explanation:
Mismatch repair pathway recognizes the mismatched base pair that incorporated during DNA replication and then excise that incorrect base. After excision, it repairs the DNA.
The mismatched daughter strand is distinguished from the parent strand by mismatch repair system as the parent strand is methylated at some bases but the daughter strand is not methylated.
Three proteins help in mismatch repair MutH, MutL, MutS. Mut H and Mut S recognize the mismatch, Mut H excise the unmethylated strand from 5' side. Then helicase and exonuclease enzymes clave the segment from cleavage site to beyond the mismatch base.
The gap created by this action is filled by DNA polymerase and sealed by enzyme DNA ligase.
The 'Mismatch repair' pathway corrects mistakes when an incorrect nucleotide has been incorporated into a DNA sequence and DNA polymerase fails to recognize it. This pathway involves several proteins that recognize the error, excise the incorrect sequence, and re-synthesize the correct sequence.
When DNA polymerase fails to recognize that an incorrect nucleotide has been incorporated, resulting in a mismatch, the Mismatch repair pathway is in charge to correct this mistake. This system detects and repairs erroneous insertion, deletion, and mis-incorporation of bases that can arise during DNA replication and recombination, as well as repairing some forms of DNA damage. This process involves several proteins including MutS, MutL, and MutH. They recognize the error, excise the incorrect sequence and then re-synthesize the correct sequence using the original undamaged DNA strand as a template. The 'Mismatch repair' is a crucial mechanism to maintain the integrity of genetic information.
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mRNA is transcribed from DNA.The nucleotide in mRNA code for amino acids.tRNA translates the mRNA sequence into an amino acid sequence so proteins can be made.
The student should place all materials in an open metal container and autoclave the container.
The student should carry out procedure C, which is to place all materials in an open metal container and autoclave the container. Autoclaving is a process that uses high pressure and steam to sterilize materials. This is the most effective method for disposing of highly pathogenic bacteria, as it ensures that all bacteria are killed.
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Answer:
reticular formation
Explanation:
In brief this region controls the following :
1. somatic motor control
2. cardiovascular control
3. sleep
4. consciousness
5. habituation
6. pain modulation
Since the cat is having problems with the sleep-wake cycle, does not respond to the researcher, there is a change in behavior and inability to walk on straight line. This points out to damage in the reticular formation.