Answer: (B) At the exterior surface
Explanation:
G protein-linked receptors (GPLR) are also called G protein-coupled receptors, 7-Transmembrane receptors or heptahelical receptors. They conform a large protein family of receptors.
They helps to detect molecules (ligands) outside the cells. (At the exterior surface).
The LIGANDS that binds and activate these receptors include light-sensitive compounds (Opsins), odorants (olfactory receptors), pheromones (vomeronasal receptors which are situated near the vomer bone between the nose and the mouth), hormones and neurotransmitters (serotonin, dopamine, glutamate etc).
Let's take a bird's eye view at it.
° When a Ligand binds with a G protein-linked receptors (which occurs at the exterior surface), it undergoes a conformational change.
° As conformational change occurs, GPLR become active and interact with the G-proteins Heterotrimeric Subunits ( G-alpha, G-beta, G-gamma) in the plasma membrane (at the cytosol surface).
This step typically explains the ambiguity. i.e GPLRs receptors interacts with signaling ligands via the exterior surface but communication between GPLRs and G-proteins Heterotrimeric Subunits occurs in the cytosol membrane.
Hence, this Conformational Change then triggers the interaction between the GPLRs and a nearby G proteins.
I hope that helps!.
Answer: False
Explanation:
Humoral immunity depends on B Cells whereas cell immunity depends on T Cells.
T cells are not programmed to provide humoral immunity, which is primarily mediated by B cells. T cells are involved in cell-mediated immunity where they directly attack and destroy infected cells.
T cells are not programmed to provide humoral immunity. Humoral immunity, also known as antibody-mediated immunity, is primarily mediated by B cells which produce antibodies specific to each pathogen. T cells, on the other hand, are involved in cell-mediated immunity where they directly attack and destroy infected cells. Memory cells are a type of B and T cells that form after exposure to a pathogen and mount rapid responses upon subsequent exposures.
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b. solar tracking.
c. heliotropism.
d. nastic movements.
He or she is correct the right answer
c. heliotropism.
hope this helps
Here is the proof
b. passive transport
c. osmosis
d. active transport
D. Active Transport
An antigen is a biomolecule, such as a protein or sugar, that binds to a specific antibody. An antibody/antigen interaction may stimulate an immune response. Not every biomolecule is antigenic and not all antigens produce an immune response. B cells are the major cell type involved in the humoral immune response.
The key biomolecule involved in the immune system is a protein known as an antibody. These are produced by B cells and help the immune system recognize and destroy foreign substances like bacteria or viruses.
The biomolecule that has significant involvement in the immune system is a group of proteins known as antibodies or immunoglobulins. These antibodies are produced by certain types of white blood cells (B cells). They play a crucial role in the immune response by recognizing and binding to specific antigens such as bacteria or viruses, enabling other parts of the immune system to destroy these foreign substances more effectively. For example, if a person becomes infected with a virus, the immune system will produce antibodies specific to that virus. Once these antibodies attach to the virus, they basically mark it for destruction by other cells in the immune system.
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