To find the number of heterozygotes in a sample population, we need to know the allele frequencies and the total number of individuals in the population. The formula used to calculate the expected number of heterozygotes in a population is based on the Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium principle.
The Hardy-Weinberg equation is given as:
p² + 2pq + q² = 1
Where:
p = frequency of one (dominant) allele
q = frequency of the other allele (recessive) allele
p² = expected frequency of homozygous dominant individuals
2pq = expected frequency of heterozygous individuals
q² = expected frequency of homozygous recessive individuals
To find the number of heterozygotes, we can multiply the expected frequency of heterozygotes (2pq) by the total population size. This will give us an estimate of the number of individuals in the population who are heterozygous for the specific gene of interest.
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Explanation:
The frequency of heterozygous individuals. Answer: The frequency of heterozygous individuals is equal to 2pq. In this case, 2pq equals 0.32, which means that the frequency of individuals heterozygous for this gene is equal to 32% (i.e. 2 (0.8)(0.2) = 0.32
Repulsion between negatively charged backbone of DNA double helix van der Waals interaction
Interaction between water and carbonyl oxygen of guanine hydrogen bond
Answer:
Interaction between hydrophobic (nonpolar) amino acid side chains is due to hydrophobic interactions.
Repulsion between negatively charged backbone of DNA double helix is due to electrostatic repulsion forces.
Interaction between water and carbonyl oxygen of guanine is due hydrogen bonding
Explanation:
The hydrophobic effect refers to the tendency of non-polar substances forms aggregates in an aqueous solutions in order to avoid interactions with water molecules. This results in a favorable entropy increase.
For non-polar amino acids, hydrophobic interactions are important in stabilizing their structure wherein they are densely packed within the core of a protein while those with with polar groups are found in the exterior.
The phosphate backbone of DNA is negatively charged. Since like charges repel, therefore, electrostatic repulsion forces of the ions are responsible the repulsion of the backbone DNA double helix.
Hydrogen bonds are formed between electronegative oxygen atoms and hydrogen atoms of neighboring molecules due to the partial negative and positive charges on each of the atoms.
This hydrogen bonding is responsible for the interaction between water and carbonyl oxygen of guanine as the hydrogen atoms of the water molecules are attracted to the oxygen atoms of the guanine molecules due to the partial charges on each of the atoms.
Answer:
This child should receive only a small fraction of the standard dose.
Explanation:
Acute lymphoblastic leukemia may be defined as the cancer in which the bone marrow continuously divide and results in the formation of large number of lymphocytes. This may also effect the red blood cells as well as platelets.
6-mercaptopurine drug is used for the treatment of the acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Since, child does not have enough enzyme for the metabolism of this drug, only the small amount of the standard dose of this drug for the cancer treatment.
Thus, the correct answer is option (b).
sulfur
nitrogen
carbon
hydrologic
The mining and use of fossil fuels by humans disrupts the carbon biogeochemical cycle, leading to increased greenhouse gas levels and climate change.
The mining and use of fossil fuels by humans has disrupted the carbon biogeochemical cycle. Fossil fuels, such as coal, oil, and natural gas, release stored carbon into the atmosphere as carbon dioxide when they are burned for energy. This disrupts the natural balance of carbon in the atmosphere, leading to increased greenhouse gas levels and climate change.