Answer:
p orbitals only
Explanation:
Carbon has an atomic number of 6 so its electron configuration will be 1s² 2s² 2p². It has two orbitals as indicated with the 2 as its period number with the outer orbital have 4 valence electrons. So carbon is in the p-orbital, period 2 and in group 4.
Carbon's valence electrons reside in the 2s and 2p orbitals. These orbitals hybridize during bond formation to create equivalent sp3 hybrid orbitals, as evidenced in the methane molecule. Carbon's valence electrons are not placed in d orbitals.
Carbon (atomic number 6) has a total of six electrons. Two of these fill the 1s orbital. The next two fill the 2s orbital, and the final two are in the 2p subshell. According to Hund's rule, the most stable configuration for an atom is one with the maximum number of unpaired electrons. Therefore, carbon has two electrons in the 2s subshell and two unpaired electrons in two separate 2p orbitals. When discussing valence electrons, the electrons in the outermost shell are the ones considered, which for carbon are the electrons in the second shell namely 2s and 2p.
The geometry of the methane molecule (CH4) illustrates that in the bonding process, the s and p orbitals hybridize to allow the formation of four equivalent bonds with hydrogen atoms. Without hybridization, we would expect three bonds at right angles (from the p orbitals) and one at a different angle (from the s orbital). Nonetheless, through orbital hybridization, all four bonds in methane are identical, which is explained by the concept of sp3 hybridized orbitals.
Therefore, the valence electrons for carbon would be placed in the s orbital and p orbitals, not in the d orbitals, because carbon does not have electrons in the d subshell in its ground state. Additionally, the s and p orbitals are the only ones involved in bonding for carbon in most of its compounds, such as methane.
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Answer:
I assume you mean which best describes heat.
The answer is The energy transferred between samples of matter because of a difference in their temperatures.
To explain this further, heat is total energy of an object, temperature is average energy. The change in temperature between two objects is called heat!
Think about transfers of heat in everyday terms: if you put an ice cube in your tea (I don't know, just bear with me), the cold does not transfer to the tea. The heat of the tea is transferred to the ice cube! And this is clearly a difference in heat.
Answer:
Q = 3,534.4 lbm/s = 212,062 lbm/min
Explanation:
Mass flowrate of discharge or leakage mass flowrate (Q) is given as
Q = AC₀√(2ρgP)
A = Cross sectional Area of leakage = (πD²/4) = (π×0.7²)/4
A = 0.385 ft²
C₀ = discharge coefficient = 0.98 (For maximum discharge flow rate, the flow is turbulent with discharge coefficient within 1% of 0.98)
ρ = density of butane at 76°F = 35.771 lbm/ft³
g = acceleration due to gravity = 32.2 lbm.ft/lbf.s²
P = Gauge Pressure in the tank = (absolute pressure) - (external pressure) = 19 - 1 = 18 atm = 38091.9 lbf/ft²
Q = AC₀√(2ρgP)
Q = (0.385)(0.98)√(2×35.771×32.2×38091.9)
Q = 3,534.4 lbm/s = 212,062 lbm/min
Hope this Helps!!!
Answer:
23.84g CH30H
32.81g H2O
Explanation:
We will be using the definition of mole fraction to determine the relationship between the number of moles of methanol,
CH3OH , and the number of moles of water.
But mole fraction gives the ratio between the number of moles of a component i of a solution to the total number of moles present in that solution.
CHECK THE ATTACHMENT FOR DETAILED EXPLANATION
In a 66.0g aqueous solution of methanol with a mole fraction of 0.290, the mass of the methanol is approximately 19.14g and the mass of the water is approximately 46.86g.
In this aqueous solution of methanol (CH4O), we know that its mass is 66.0g and the mole fraction of methanol is 0.290. The mole fraction is defined as the ratio of the number of moles of a component to the total number of moles of all components in the solution.
In order to find the mass of each component, namely the methanol and the water, we first need to establish that if the mole fraction of methanol is 0.290, the mole fraction of water must be 0.710 (because the total of all mole fractions in a solution is always equal to 1).
We then can set up the following proportion: mass of methanol/mass of water = mole fraction of methanol/mole fraction of water. After solving this equation, the mass of methanol will be approximately 19.14g and the mass of the water will be approximately 46.86g.
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Answer:
Explanation:
The colligative properties of a given solution can be defined as the properties of that solution that are dependent on the concentration of the molecules or ions of the solute in the solution, and not on the type or identity of that solute. Examples include:
1. vapor pressure lowering
2. boiling point elevation
3. freezing point depression
4. Osmotic pressure
In this case, vapor pressure would be lowered because with an electrolyte introduced into a solution, the number of solute particles would be larger because the solute particles dissociate into ions, thereby competing with the solvent molecules at the surface of the solution, which in turn reduces the rate at which the solvent evaporates and condenses. Vapor pressure is lower compared to a solution with the same number of moles of nonelectrolyte solute.
The higher the number of ions in the solution, the greater the colligative properties of the solution will be impacted.
The presence of a strong electrolyte in solution affects the colligative properties differently than a non-electrolyte solute. Strong electrolytes dissociate into ions, increasing the number of particles in solution. This affects colligative properties such as vapor pressure, boiling point elevation, freezing point depression, and osmotic pressure.
The presence of a strong electrolyte in solution affects the colligative properties differently than the same number of moles of a non-electrolyte solute. This is because strong electrolytes dissociate into ions when dissolved in solution, while non-electrolytes do not. The dissociation of strong electrolytes increases the total number of particles in solution, which affects colligative properties such as vapor pressure, boiling point elevation, freezing point depression, and osmotic pressure.
For example, let's compare a solution of 1 mole of sodium chloride (NaCl) to a solution of 1 mole of sucrose (C12H22O11). The sodium chloride will dissociate into Na+ and Cl- ions, which means there are now 2 particles in solution (1 Na+ and 1 Cl-) instead of just 1 molecule of sucrose. This higher particle concentration will result in a greater depression of the freezing point and elevation of the boiling point compared to the sucrose solution.
In summary, the presence of a strong electrolyte increases the number of particles in solution, leading to greater deviations in colligative properties compared to the same number of moles of a non-electrolyte solute.
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Solution:
After the reaction of mixture is worked-up Washing three times the organic with sodium carbonate helps to decrease the solubility of the organic layer into the aqueous layer. This allows the organic layer to be separated more easily.
And then the reaction washed by saturated NACL we have The bulk of the water can often be removed by shaking or "washing" the organic layer with saturated aqueous sodium chloride (otherwise known as brine). The salt water works to pull the water from the organic layer to the water layer.
Answer:
139.33 g of magnesium chloride, MgCl2.
Explanation:
We'll begin by writing the balanced equation for the reaction. This is illustrated below:
Mg(s) + 2HCl(aq) → MgCl2(aq) + H2(aq)
Next, we shall determine the mass of Mg that reacted and the mass of MgCl2 from the balanced equation.
This is illustrated below:
Molar mass of Mg = 24 g/mol
Mass of Mg from the balanced equation = 1 x 24 = 24 g
Molar mass of MgCl2 = 24 + (2x35.5) = 95 g/mol
Mass of MgCl2 from the balanced equation = 1 x 95 = 95 g
From the balanced equation above,
24 g of Mg reacted to produce 95 g of MgCl2.
Finally, we shall determine the mass of MgCl2 produced by reacting 35.2 g of Mg.
This can be obtained as follow:
From the balanced equation above,
24 g of Mg reacted to produce 95 g of MgCl2.
Therefore, 35.2 g of Mg will react to produce = (35.2 x 95)/24 = 139.33 g of MgCl2.
From the calculations made above, 139.33 g of magnesium chloride, MgCl2 were produced.