Research some ways in which scientists and engineers have harnessed and currently use the energy in fossil fuels to benefit society. Think about how these methods involve a chemical reaction, and explain how energy is conserved. Describe one method of using fossil fuels for energy, and state one advantage and disadvantage about this method. In your replies to others' comments, state whether you agree or disagree with the advantages and disadvantages they list and explain your reasoning. Hint: Consider what happens to fossil fuels (such as coal, natural gas, and petroleum) when they are burned.
Answers
Answer:
Explanation:
Fossil fuels are fuels that are formed by naturally processes leading to the formation of crude oil, coal and natural gas.
Scientists and engineers have used the energy from these fossil fuels to benefit the society by converting these fuels into consumable products for engines which are used for various daily life routine, such as transport (as in the case of the combustible engines in cars, trains, airplanes and ships), power generation (as in the case of gas turbines for power generation, petroleum or diesel for the engines of power generators) and even for home use in food processing (as in the case of cooking gas).
The chemical reaction mostly involved in this process especially in the case of engines is combustion reaction. Combustion reaction is an exothermic reaction in which an organic substance is burnt in excess oxygen to produce carbon dioxide. The energy conserved in this reaction (combustion reaction) is from stored potential energy (in the form of chemical energy) to thermal energy (which is the heat released when the hydrocarbon is burnt).
As mentioned earlier, one of the methods of using fossil fuels for energy is it's use in power generation by power generating sets (generators) and gas turbines. One advantage of using fossil fuel products for power generation is that it is cheaper than it's alternatives (such as solar power generation). However, one disadvantage of using fossil fuel products for power generation is that they release toxic gases/chemicals (such as carbon monoxide, CO, nitrogen oxides, NO and NO₂) into the atmosphere.
Final answer:
The energy in fossil fuels is harnessed and used mostly through the process of combustion which provides a high energy output but contributes negatively to the environment by increasing carbon dioxide levels.
Explanation:
Scientists and engineers harness and use energy in fossil fuels like coal, petroleum, and natural gas to benefit society in a number of ways, primarily through combustion. The combustion process is a chemical reaction whereby energy is released by burning these fuels amidst oxygen. This results in heat and energy, which is then converted to electricity and used for transportation, industrial production, and home heating purposes.
A common method is to burn these fuels, which in turn powers steam-driven turbines to produce electricity. The energy from the combustion of the fuels is transferred into mechanical work which is then converted into electrical energy. This process points to the principal of energy conservation which states that energy is neither created nor destroyed, but merely transformed from one form to another.
This method, however, has its pros and cons. On the positive side, fossil fuels are comparatively easy to extract, abundant, and provide a high energy output. But on the flip side, burning fossil fuels leads to environmental degradation by releasing carbon dioxide and contributing to global warming. Also, these fuels are non-renewable, and the resources are limited.
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Answers
Answer:
c) 40 (o), 35 (+), 34 (-)
Explanation:
Let us represent the element with P
Given information about the element:
Charge on P = +1
Mass number of P = 75
We can express the atom as ⁴⁵P¹⁺
The positive charge on the atom denotes that the atom has lost an electron. Electrons are negatively charge elementary particles in an atom. Therefore, the number of protons, positively charged particles are now more. This charge imbalance is what leaves atom P with a charge of +1. The difference between the proton number and number of electrons is just 1 and it represents a loss of an electron. Atoms that are not charged have their proton and electron number to be the same. Those that are negatively charge signifies that an electron has been gained and the number of electrons are greater than those of the protons.
The mass number 75 is the number of protons plus neutrons.
Option C gives the following information:
Neutron = 40
Protons = 35
Electrons = 34
Here Protons > Electrons with a difference of 1+.
Mass number = Protons + Neutrons =35 + 40 = 75
Answers
Answer:
NONE OF THE ABOVE
Explanation:
None of the above are examples of an oxidation - reduction or a redox reaction . This is because there is no change in the oxidation state of any of the elements in the reaction when the reaction happens .
- For a redox reaction , transfer of electrons must take place.
- The oxidation states must increase or decrease in atleast 2 of the elements of a compound.
- For example :
⇒
B) theoretical yield
C) percent yield
Answers
Answer:
A) actual yield
Explanation:
Theoretical yield is the amount of product expected based on the stoichiomety.
Percent yield is the actual yield over the theoretical yield.
Answers
The heat that is required to change the temperature of two cups of water (500 g) from room temperature (25◦C) to boiling
C) 157 kJ
Heat
Heat required= Mass of water x specific heat capacity of water x change in temperature of water required
Q=m* c* delta T
M = 500g
C = 4.184 g°C
Delta T = 100 - 25(room temp) = 75°C
Heat = 500 x 4.184 x 75
Heat = 156900 J
Heat = 156.9 KJ
Heat ~ 157.0 KJ (3.D.P)
Thus, the correct answer is C.
Learn more about "Heat":
Answer:
C
Explanation:
Heat required= Mass of water x specific heat capacity of water x change in temperature of water required
M = 500g
C = 4.184 g°C
Delta T = 100 - 25(room temp) = 75°C
Heat needed= 500 x 4.184 x 75
= 156900 J
= 156.9 KJ
~ 157.0 KJ (3.D.P)
Answers
Answer:
Explanation:
Hello,
Considering the given reaction's stoichiometry, grams of oxygen result:
Moreover, the mass of produced carbon dioxide turns out:
Best regards.
Be
Ca
Ba
Sr
Answers
Answer:
none
Explanation:
it's Fr. which is francium.
Explanation:
An atomic radius is defined to be one-half the distance between the nuclei of two atoms, assuming a spherical atom since, according to the quantum mechanical model of the atom, electrons are located within a probability cloud surrounding the nucleus which has no sharp boundary.
Notice that, in general, there are two main trends of atomic radii in the Periodic Table of Elements.
The first trend illustrates that atomic radii increase when going down a group in the periodic table. This is because when moving downwards in a group, every subsequent atom gains an additional principal energy level, which leads to electron shielding. Electron shielding refers to the decreased attraction between the electrons that occupy the higher principal energy level and the nucleus of the atom due to the shielding of electrons in the lower principal energy level.
The second trend outlines that atomic radii decrease when going across the period from left to right. For elements within a period, individual electrons occupy the same principal energy level. Likewise, when an electron is added, a new proton is also added to the nucleus, providing the nucleus with a stronger positive charge and hence leading to a higher effective nuclear charge. This increase in nuclear attraction pulls the electrons closer towards the nucleus, leading to a decrease in atomic radius.
Therefore, given the option between beryllium, calcium, barium, and strontium, the element with the largest atomic radius is barium since all the elements given are in Group II, however, barium is the element furthest down the group and therefore have electrons occupying the highest principal energy level compared to other elements.