Answer and Explanation:
We have the number of descendants of each phenotype product of the tri-hybrid cross.
The total number, N, of individuals is 230.
In a tri-hybrid cross, it can occur that the three genes assort independently or that two of them are linked and the thrid not, or that the three genes are linked. In this example, in particular, the three genes are linked on the same chromosome.
Knowing that the genes are linked, we can calculate genetic distances between them. First, we need to know their order in the chromosome, and to do so, we need to compare the genotypes of the parental gametes with the ones of the double recombinants. We can recognize the parental gametes in the descendants because their phenotypes are the most frequent, while the double recombinants are the less frequent. So:
Parental)
Double recombinant)
Comparing them we will realize that between
s u TU (parental)
s u tu (double recombinant)
and
S U tu (Parental)
S U TU (double recombinant)
They only change in the position of the alleles TU/tu. This suggests that the position of the gene TU is in the middle of the other two genes, S and U, because in a double recombinant only the central gene changes position in the chromatid.
So, the order of the genes is:
---- S ---- TU -----U ----
In a scheme it would be like:
Chromosome 1:
---s---TU---u--- (Parental chromatid)
---s---tu---u--- (Double Recombinant chromatid)
Chromosome 2
---S---tu---U--- (Parental chromatid)
---S---TU---U--- (Double Recombinant chromatid)
Now we will call Region I to the area between S and TU and Region II to the area between TU and U.
Once established the order of the genes we can calculate distances between them, and we will do it from the central gene to the genes on each side. First We will calculate the recombination frequencies, and we will do it by region. We will call P1 to the recombination frequency between S and TU genes, and P2 to the recombination frequency between TU and U.
P1 = (R + DR) / N
P2 = (R + DR)/ N
Where: R is the number of recombinants in each region, DR is the number of double recombinants in each region, and N is the total number of individuals. So:
P1 = (21+17+4+2)/230
P1 = 44/230
P1 = 0.191
P2 = (21+13+4+2)/230
P1 = 40/230
P1 = 0.174
Now, to calculate the recombination frequency between the two extreme genes, S and U, we can just perform addition or a sum:
P1 + P2= Pt
0.191 + 0.174 = Pt
0.365=Pt
The genetic distance will result from multiplying that frequency by 100 and expressing it in map units (MU). One centiMorgan (cM) equals one map unit (MU).
The map unit is the distance between the pair of genes for which one of every 100 meiotic products results in a recombinant product. Now we must multiply each recombination frequency by 100 to get the genetic distance in map units:
GD1= P1 x 100 = 0.191 x 100 = 19.1 MU
GD2= P2 x 100 = 0.174 x 100 = 17.4 MU
GD3=Pt x 100 = 0.365 x 100 = 36.5 MU
To calculate the coefficient of coincidence, CC, we must use the next formula:
CC= observed double recombinant frequency/expected double recombinant frequency
Note:
CC= ((2 + 4)/230)/0.174x0.191
CC=(6/230)/0.0332
CC=0.7857
The coefficient of interference, I, is complementary with CC.
I = 1 - CC
I = 1 - 0.7857
I = 0.2143
Answer:
The bartender of the Private Club
Explanation:
someone said that above me and i believe that is right :)
Answer:
Option B)
Explanation:
A moon is a celestial body that revolves around a planet.
The others are wrong because, a planet orbits around the sun, not the sun orbiting the planet.
A meteor does not have a fixed orbit, and asteroids orbit around the star near it, in our case, the asteroid belt orbits the sun.
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Answer:
Studies based on tsh concentrations would indicate whether the thyroid hormones, which are t4 and t3, are in decline or in deficit.
This deficit may be due to a pathology of the thyroid gland and that is why the tsh study is carried out. The TSH hormone is one that stimulates the thyroid gland through the glandular-nervous axis (CNS), if it is in deficit, you want to say that it is being poorly stimulated.
Other findings of hypothyroidism are overweight, decreased basal metabolism, alterations in the cardiovascular system, and increased blood pressure.
That the TSH hormone is elevated, and there is a deficiency of t4, means that the hormone is suffering from some neoplasm, or some pathology that does not collaborate with the function of the gland, that is, that the axis between the central nervous system and The thyroid gland works perfectly, but what is defective is the gland, the body itself captures this deficit of t4 and stimulates the neuronal pathway even more, releasing more TSH, to overstimulate the thyroid gland and that it can generate the amount of t4 required.
The nurse seeks to know that if by administering t4 and balancing the values of this thyroid hormone, TSH normalizes and returns to its normal value, that is, it decreases and does not overstimulate the thyroid gland.
In the event that TSH does not decrease as expected, there will be a double problem to be solved, one at the nervous level and the other at the glandular level.
On the other hand, if the TSH level normalizes, we could understand that the TSH was increased because it wanted to "solve" the t4 deficit.
Explanation:
The thyroid gland works thanks to the stimulation exerted by the central nervous system through TSH.
The TSH hormone is the one that is responsible for stimulating the exact and fair secretion of t4 and t3, sometimes it tends to increase, due to negative feedback, since the increase in t4 and t3 causes the tsh to decrease and the right balance is reached . In case the hormones secreted by the thyroid are in deficit, this will be captured by the body and will not have this negative feedback, therefore the stimulation of the nervous axis will be increased.
The thyroid gland can suffer from metabolism syndromes where hypoactivity or hypothyroidism is detected, or hyperactivity which is also known as hyperthyroidism, although these syndromes are not the only ones, there are also other pathologies such as malignant and benign neoplasms, hashimoto's disease, among others.
About 0.55 million or 550,000 years ago the earliest South Asian river dolphin evolved.
About 0.5 million years ago the South Asian dolphin evolved due to different environmental conditions. South Asian dolphin have very flexible necks due to no fusion of their neck vertebrae. They are using echolocation to navigate and search for prey.
Research indicates that South Asian dolphin diverged from a common ancestor around 550,000 years ago that lives in the Indus and Ganges basins so we can conclude that the South Asian dolphin evolved around 0.55 years ago.
Learn more: brainly.com/question/23139449
Answer:
26 million years ago
Explanation:
A) The plant should be shared with the smaller islands.
B) The plant should be fed to the native livestock on the island.
C) The plant should be uprooted from all regions in the island.
D) The plant should be cross-bred with deeper-rooted plants.
2). In the Everglades, a system of canals and levees diverts water to urban areas and the Everglades National Park. This water management system has caused changes in the natural flow of the water during the wet and dry season. Wading birds are especially sensitive to wet and dry seasonal changes. How have water cycle disruptions MOST likely affected wading birds?
A) The reduced salinity results in more eggs being laid.
B) The water quality for feeding has been improved by runoff.
C) The release of water dilutes food sources for their young.
D) The higher water levels allow longer-legged birds to survive and reproduce.
3). In Florida, humans have caused more than 2,000 manatee deaths since 1974. Collisions with boats and boat propellers cause roughly twenty-five percent of all manatee deaths. Another significant cause of the declining population is the disappearance of manatee habitats, resulting primarily from coastal development, water quality problems, and the change in water levels caused by Florida’s flood control systems. A constitutional amendment has been proposed that would protect natural systems and biological diversity. Which would be the MOST likely requirement of a constitutional amendment to protect the manatee population?
A) moving manatees to locations outside of the Everglades
B) restricting manatee hunting in the Everglades to certain times of year
C) raising more manatees in captivity
D) placing a limit on speedboat use in manatee habitats
The BEST method of dealing with the invasive Miconia plant would be to uproot it from all regions of the island (Option C). Water cycle disruptions have most likely affected wading birds by diluting food sources for their young (Option C). The most likely requirement of a constitutional amendment to protect the manatee population would be to place a limit on speedboat use in manatee habitat (Option D).
The invasive Miconia plant is a threat to the native plant species and ecosystem of Hawaii. The plant grows rapidly and has shallow roots, which can cause soil erosion and increase the likelihood of landslides. Sharing the plant with smaller islands or cross-breeding it with deeper-rooted plants may seem like viable solutions, but it is essential to understand that the plant is already invasive and has caused significant harm to the ecosystem. Removing the plant completely is necessary to allow the natural ecosystem to recover and prevent further damage.
Hence, for first question the correct answer is Option C, for second correct answer is Option C, Option D is correct for third question.
Learn more about the invasive species here
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