HIV's genome of RNA includes the code for reverse transcriptase (RT), an enzyme that acts early in infection to synthesize a DNA genome off of an RNA template. The HIV genome also codes for protease (PR), an enzyme that acts later in infection by cutting long viral polyproteins into smaller, functional proteins. Both RT and PR represent potential targets for antiretroviral drugs. Drugs called nucleoside analogs (NA) act against RT, whereas drugs called protease inhibitors (PI) act against PR. Which of the following treatment options would most likely avoid the evolution of drug-resistant HIV (assuming no drug interactions or side effects)?(a) Use a series of NAs, one at a time, and change about once a week.

(b) Use a single PI, but slowly increase the dosage over the course of a week.

(c) Use high doses of NA and a PI at the same time for a period not to exceed one day.

(d) Use moderate doses of NA and two different PIs at the same time for several months.

Answers

Answer 1

Answer:

(d) Use moderate doses of NA and two different PIs at the same time for several months.

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compare the six nutrients of life for farm animals (water, protein, carbohydrates, fats, vitamins, and minerals).
What is an inference
what is the autonomic nervous system about? explain full details, like a reflection on it. I will give brainliest if answered correctly
The michaelis constant (km) is analogous to _______ that an enzyme has for its substrate. if the km drops then the enzyme has (gained / lost) affinity and if the km increases then the enzyme has (gained / gained) affinity.

You are recording action potentials in a nerve cell in a petri dish in the laboratory. The only difference between your set up in the lab and the normal condition in the body is that the cell is now surrounded by a solution that has a lower concentration of sodium ions than normal. What are you most likely to observe? Group of answer choices The action potentials peak at a higher voltage than in the body There is no difference in the voltage at which the action potentials peak because all action potentials always reach the same voltage The action potentials peak at a lower voltage than in the body

Answers

Answer:

The correct answer is: The action potentials peak at a higher voltage than in the body.

Explanation:

Nerve cells in the human body have a very low sodium concentration inside them, while the liquid that surrounds them is rich in this particular ion. When sodium channels in the neuron's plasma membrane are opened, this big difference in sodium concentration -also called gradient- produces a big influx of sodium ions. This rapid entering of Na+ generates a change in the voltage of the cell, because sodium is positively-charged, meaning that the inside of the neuron will become less negative - this is commonly called depolarization of the membrane. Action potentials are generated because of the sudden spike in voltage, but for them to occur, there's a certain voltage that needs to be achieved, so not every depolarization will produce an action potential.

The fact that the cell in the lab is surrounded by a lower concentration of sodium means that the influx of Na+ ions will be lower, because the gradient won't be as big, but also means that the action potential will peak at a higher voltage because the resting membrane potential wasn't as negative to begin with.

The scientist anneals a mutant oligonucleotide to the original M13 DNA. Then DNA polymerase replicates the M13 DNA. After DNA synthesis, the scientist adds a restriction enzyme, EcoRI, that recognizes the DNA sequence 5′−GAATTC−3′5′−GAATTC−3′ and cuts after the guanosine nucleotide. Following the restriction digest, the scientist adds exonuclease III for a short period of time. Another round of DNA polymerase‑catalyzed DNA synthesis completes the procedure. What is the nucleotide mixture required by the DNA polymerase reaction in this procedure?

Answers

Answer:

The mixture of nucleotides required for this procedure is called dNTPs.

Explanation:

When the polymerase is used in a PCR procedure, to replicate a molecule or DNA fragment, use a combination of nucleotides called dNTPs.

DNTPs are nothing less than DNA nucleotides, applied as reagents in a PCR solution, which provide the material necessary for the polymerase to replicate DNA, even outside a biological system.

Explain competing theories about the formation of Earth's oceans.

Answers

Answer:

1. volcanic and rock outgassing of the early Earth

2. comet impacts during the "heavy-bombardment period"

Explanation:Hope This Helps:)

9. Animal cells are more interesting than plant cells. is this fact or opinion????

Answers

Opinion, because it’s what someone thinks

What structure is only found in animal cells

Answers

Answer:

Centrosomes and Lysosomes

Explanation:

Animal cells each have a centrosome and lysosomes, whereas plant cells do not. Plant cells have a cell wall, chloroplasts, and other specialized plastids, and a large central vacuole, whereas animal cells do not.

Primary ciliary dyskinesia (PCD) is a rare genetic disease. Affected individuals exhibit impaired functioning of ciliated cells. Based on what you know about the role of cilia in eukaryotic cells, why would you expect people with PCD to be particularly susceptible to respiratory infections?

Answers

Answer:

Cilia are motile in the lungs responsible for keeping the airways clear of dirt and mucus by their characteristic beating motion and rhythmic waving allowing a person to breathe easily and without irritation. These are present in both the lungs as well as middle ear.

As in Primary ciliary dyskinesia , there are defects in the action of cilia in the lining of the respiratory tract , middle ear , sinuses , eustachian tube etc the cilia cannot peforms its regular role .Infections can lead to an irreversible scarring and obstruction in the bronchi resulting in :

1) Shortness of breath.

2) Recurring chest colds.

3) Sinusitis.

4) Coughing , gagging , choking,

5)Middle ear infections

Answer: The respiratory wall or mucosa is made up of the epithelium and supporting lamina propria. The epithelium of respiratory tract is tall columnar pseudostratified with CILIA and goblet cells The cilia aids in sweeping away dusts and bacteria that adheres to the mucous on the epithelium. Therefore people with Primary ciliary dyskinesia are prone to Respiratory infections.

Explanation: Primary ciliary dyskinesia also called immotile ciliary syndrome is a rare genetic disease that affects the movement of cilia lining the respiratory tract. The major consequences of this dysfunction is reduced or absent mucus clearance from the lungs which subsequently leads to chronic recurrent respiratory infections

I hope this helps. Thanks!

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Which receptors are involved with the proprioception sense?A: stretch receptors in the muscles, tendons and ligamentsB: the macula and otoliths in the vestibuleC: Nociceptors in the muscles and jointsD: The crista ampullaris in the semicircular canals.