Draw an arrow-pushing mechanism for the elimination reaction between NaOH in ethanol and each of the following haloalkanes: (E1/E2)(i) 1-bromobutane;
(ii) 2-bromo-2-methylpentane.

Answers

Answer 1

Answer:

Answer:

The mechanisms for the elimination reactions between NaOH in ethanol and the halogenoalkanes are demonstrated in the figure attached.

Explanation:

(i) 1-bromobutane will suffer elimination to for an alkene. The mechanism will be E2, which means that the attack and the elimination will occur simultaneously. This is the preferred mechanism because the bromine is in a primary carbon.

(ii) 2-bromo-2-methylpentane will suffer elimination to for an alkene. The mechanism will be E1, which means that the attack and the elimination will occur in two different steps. The bromine will be eliminated in the first step with the formation of a carbocation and in a second step the double bond will be formed after the anionic attack. This is the preferred mechanism because the bromine is in a terciary carbon which is able to stabilize the carbocation formed.

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If 5.738 grams of AgNO3 is mixed with 4.115 grams of BaCl2 and allowed to react according to the balanced equation: BaCl2(aq) + 2 AgNO3(aq) → 2 AgCl(s) + Ba(NO3)2(aq) What is the limiting reagent? BaCl2AgNO3 How many grams of AgCl could be produced? grams AgCl What mass, in grams, of the excess reagent will remain? grams of excess reagent

Answers

Answer:

Limiting reagent: AgNO3

grams AgCl : 2.44 g AgCl

grams of excess reagent remain: 0.62 g BaCl2

Explanation:

1. Change grams to mol:

AgNO3:

5.738g x (1mol/169.87g) = 0.034 mol AgNO3

BaCl2:

4.115g x (1 mol/208.23g) = 0.020 mol BaCl2

2. Limiting reagent:

AgNO3:

0.034 mol AgNO3 x (1 mol BaCL2/ 2mol AgNO3) = 0.017 mol BaCl2

BaCl2:

0.020 mol BaCl2 x (2 mol AgNO3/1 mol BaCl2) = 0.04 mol AgNO3

Limiting reagent: AgNO3

3. Grams of AgCl produced:

Using the limiting reagent:

0.017 mol AgNO3 x (2mol AgCl / 2 mol AgNO3) = 0.017 mol AgCl

4. Change mol to grams:

0.017 mol AgCl x ( 143.32 g AgCl /1mol AgCl) =2.44 g AgCl

5. Grams of the excess reagent:

0.034 mol AgNO3 x (1 mol BaCl2 / 2 mol AgNO3) = 0.017 mol BaCl2

0.020 mol BaCl2 - 0.017 mol BaCl2 = 0.003 mol BaCl2

0.003 mol BaCl2 x ( 208.23 g BaCl2 / 1 mol BaCl2) = 0.62 g BaCl2

Which of the following characterizes a reaction at equilibrium?A. The forward reaction stops, and the backward reaction starts.
B. The forward and backward reactions are equal.
C. The forward and backward reactions stop happening.
D. The reactants are changed into products.
SUBMIT

Answers

At chemical equilibrium,the forward and backward reactions are equal and opposite.

What is chemical equilibrium?

Chemical equilibrium is defined as the condition which arises during the course of a reversible chemical reaction with no net change in amount of reactants and products.A reversible chemical reaction is the one wherein the products as soon as they are formed react together to produce back the reactants.

At equilibrium, the two opposing reactions which take place take place at equal rates and there is no net change in amount of the substances which are involved in the chemical reaction.At equilibrium, the reaction is considered to be complete . Conditions which are required for equilibrium are given by quantitative formulation.

Factors which affect chemical equilibrium are change in concentration , change in pressure and temperature and presence of catalyst.

Learn more about chemical equilibrium,here:

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B. The forwards and backwards motions are equal

7. A species is _ when its population has become so low that it is close to becoming extincta. Massive logging b. endangered c. pollutants d. population

pa help po,,,

Answers

Answer:

Endangered. The meaning of endangered is when a species declines in number- this might be because they are being eaten by another animal which has a higher popupayion, or perhaps because they are being hunted by humans for their meat or fur. Neither reason might be that their food or habitat has been destroyed b humans to create land for farming or housing. one example of name endangered species is Polar Bears: they like in the Antarctic where there is no land, simply ice. Due to humans causing climate change, the world is warming up and the ice is melting. This means polar bears are dying out because it would be too tiring to swim to find ice. For the same reason, other animals are dying in the Antarctic meaning that Poplar Bears have less to eat (being at the top of the food chain -no animal eats polar bears).

Calcium and bromine have formed a bond. Leading up to this, calcium gave up electrons. It was a(n)

Answers

Leading up to this, calcium gave up 2 valence electrons and thus was denoted as a cation. These 2 electrons were transferred to bromine, which received an overall negative charge because of the addition of 2 valence electrons in its valence shell, and thus formed a negatively charged ion, an anion.

Both formed an ionic bond, due to the electrostatic charge of attraction between the 2 oppositely charged ions. If many ions of Ca and Br are present and numerous ionic bonds have formed it will undergo an arrangement which is that of an ionic lattice, type of structure.

How do you find relative atomic mass

Answers

Final answer:

To find the relative atomic mass of an element, you need to consider the masses of its isotopes and their relative abundance.

Explanation:

To find the relative atomic mass of an element, you need to consider the masses of its isotopes and their relative abundance. The relative atomic mass is the weighted average of the masses of all the isotopes of the element. The formula for calculating relative atomic mass is:

Relative Atomic Mass = (Mass of Isotope1 * Abundance of Isotope1) + (Mass of Isotope2 * Abundance of Isotope2) + ...

For example, let's calculate the relative atomic mass of carbon, which has two isotopes: carbon-12 and carbon-13. The mass of carbon-12 is 12 amu and its abundance is about 98.9%. The mass of carbon-13 is 13.003 amu and its abundance is about 1.1%. We can use the formula:

(12 amu * 0.989) + (13.003 amu * 0.011) = 12.011 amu