Discuss one of the major issues in toxicology from any perspective.

Answers

Answer 1
Answer:

A controversial issue of toxicology is the use of chemical additives in food.

Food additives are substances intentionally added to foods for the purpose of preserving, enhancing or modifying their physical, chemical, biological or sensory properties without impairing their nutritional value. However, it is necessary to control the use of these substances, as ingestion of these substances may pose health risks.

Additives are found in most processed foods, such as cookies, breakfast cereals, soft drinks, jellies, artificial juices, candies and a host of other foods in the diet of Brazilians, especially children.

Thus, its consumption should be controlled, as the health risk is confirmed by a sum of scientific studies. The three main ills associated with excessive consumption of these substances are cancer, food hypersensitivity and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder.

Some audiences are even more vulnerable to consumption, such as pregnant women, the elderly, people with little food and children under three years. In the case of children the attention should be greater because the digestive and urinary systems are not yet fully prepared to process these substances.

The more industrialized the product, the more chemical additives it will have. The ideal is to prepare fresh products at home. However, as is often not possible, it is important that you read the label and choose the products with the least additives.


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Which of the following are synapomorphies of mammals? a. Hair
b. Vertebral column
c. Five digits
d. Mammary glands
e. Endothermy
f. Placenta

Answers

Answer: A) Hair and D) Mammary glands

Explanation:

 Synapomorphies of mammals are hair and mammary gland as, mammals are the distinct from the other tetra-pods having hair,mammary gland and three bone ear.  The three unique trait of mammals included three bones ear malleus,stapes and incus, presence of the hair and mammary gland for the production of milk.

The cambium produces xylem toward the center of a tree and phloem toward the outside. do you think it would make any difference if the positions of the xylem and phloem were reversed? why?

Answers

The wood is xylem, and the bark is phloem. So, if you reverse the two, the tree is unlikely to be able to support its own weight.

What is are vascular tissues?

Vasculartissue is an intricate conductingtissue found in vascular plants that is made up of multiple cell types.

The xylem and phloem are the primary components of vascular tissue. From within, those same two tissues transport fluid as well as nutrients.

In plants, cambium is a layer of actively dividing cells that exists between xylem (wood) and phloem tissues and is responsible for the secondary growth of stems and roots.

A cambium is a tissue layer in plants that provides partiallyundifferentiated cells for plant growth.

It is found between the xylem and the phloem. A cambium is also a cellular plant tissue that grows phloem, xylem, or cork by division, resulting in secondarythickening.

The wood is called xylem, as well as the bark is called phloem. If the two are reversed, the tree is very unlikely to be able to endorse its own weight.

Thus, this can be the consequence of reversing the xylem and phloem.

For more details regarding vascular tissues, visit:

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Xylem is the wood and the phloem is the bark. so if you were to reverse the two the tree would likely not be able to hold up its own weight

A student studies art and learned that he has several layers including inner and outer cores the student will make a model of the inner and outer cores of earth which model would be most like earths actual inner and outer cores A: A pool of liquid inside a solid metal ball. B: Metal ball with a slightly smaller solid metal ball inside it. C: A solid metal ball in the middle of a pool of liquid. D: A pool of one type of liquid in the middle of a pool of another type of liquid

Answers

Answer:

C: A solid metal ball in the middle of a pool of liquid.

Explanation:

Since the student is studying the earth, the core area is made up of a solid metal ball in the middle of a pool of a liquid.

  • The core is the inner most part of the earth.
  • It exists in the middle of the earth.
  • The core is divide into two layers; inner core and outer core.
  • The inner core is a solid ball of metal.
  • The outer core is a liquid metal under high temperature and pressure.

In mice, the autosomal locus coding for the β-globin chain of hemoglobin is 1 m.u. from the albino locus. Assume for the moment that the same is true in humans. The disease sickle-cell anemia is the result of homozygosity for a particular mutation in the β-globin gene.a. A son is born to an albino man and a woman with sickle-cell anemia. What kinds of gametes will the son form, and in what proportions? (2 points)b. A daughter is born to a normal man and a woman who has both albinism and sickle-cell anemia. What kinds of gametes will the daughter form, and in what proportions? (2 points)c. If the son in part a grows up and marries the daughter in part b, what is the probability that a child of theirs will be an albino with sickle-cell anemia? (1 point)

Answers

Answer:

Explanation:

The disease sickle cell anemia is caused by homozygosity for a mutation:

  • SS or Ss genotypes: normal
  • ss: anemia

Albinism is a recessive trait:

  • AA or Aa: normal
  • aa: albinism

The genes S/s and A/a are linked and separated by 1  map unit.

Remember that 1 mu means that 1% of the gametes produced by an individual will be recombinant.

a) Albino man (Sa/Sa) X woman with sickle-cell anemia (sA/sA)

Son: Sa/sA

The gametes he can produce are:

  • Parentals: Sa and sA
  • Recombinant: SA and sa

Since the frequency of recombination is 1% (or 0.01), each recombinant gamete has a frequency of 0.005 (since there are two possible recombinant gametes).

The parental gametes will appear with a frequency of 0.99, each of them with a frequenct of 0.495.

b) Normal man (SA/SA) X woman with anemia and albinism (sa/sa)

Daughter: SA/sa

The gametes she can produce are:

  • Parentals: SA (0.495) and sa (0.495)
  • Recombinant: Sa (0.005) and sA (0.005)

c) Son (Sa/sA) X daughter (SA/sa)

In order for them to have an albino child with anemia (sa/sa), the gamete sa from each parent had to be produced and fused into the zygote. Since the production of gametes by each parent is an independent event, the probability of having sa/sa offspring can be calculated as:

Prob. sa gamete son × Prob. sa gamete daughter = 0.005 × 0.495 = 0.0025

The probability that a child of theirs will be an albino with sickle-cell anemia is 0.25%

Table sugar is mixed with water, and the table sugar disappears intosolution. How do you suggest we remove the table sugar out the solution?
Freeze the solution.
Filter out the sugar.
Boil the solution.

Answers

Answer:

Your answer is boiling thesolution.

When you boil a liquid solution, the substance in the solution that dissolved will show up, while the water will evaporate.

Hope I could Help :)

Explanation:

Answer:

boil the solution hopes this help:)

Explanation:

the sugar disappears in hot water instead of cold

1. Oxygen molecules taken in per breath:The athlete's result will be
higher than
the normal healthy
body's result.
Why?

Answers

Athlete inhale high amount of energy s compared to normal healthy person.

The athlete's result will be  higher than  the normal healthy  body's result for oxygen because athlete do hard activities which needs high amount of oxygen in order to release high amount of energy in the form of ATP. This energy is used by the body of athlete in their hard activities.

While on the other hand, the normal healthy person inhale less oxygen because he do normal activities and does not need high amount of energy for that activities so we can conclude that athlete inhale high amount of energy s compared to normal healthy person.

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Answer:

Explanation:Oxygen molecules absorbed by cells: The athlete's result will be  

the normal healthy body's result.