glycolysis
Krebs cycle
acetyl CoA formation
Answer:
B. Glycolysis
Explanation:
There's a "stage" between glycolysis and the citric acid cycle called aerobic respiration which includes pyruvic acid converting to acetyl-CoA This stage is considered part of glycolysis.
b. carbon dioxide
c. chitin
The correct answer is a - silicon dioxide.
Diatoms are single celled algae. They have a silica - based cell wall called a frustule, which gives each diatom a particular shape.
Diatoms exist as separate single cells although some may be found in groups or colonies. The ones found in colonies create very pretty forms: leaf shaped, oval , star and even like a period.
Outer shells of diatoms are quite valuable. They are used in industry in the manufacture of toothpaste to give it grit.
Answer:
Diatoms have cell walls composed of silicon dioxide.
the maximum elongation rate during transcription with and without the modified RNA polymerase enzyme
(Figure 1).
The compound amanitin, which is commonly found in toxic mushrooms, is a specific RNA polymerase inhibitor.
Amanitin binds to the RNA polymerase active site and inhibits transcription. In a second experiment, the
scientists treated the wild-type and experimental strains of S. cerevisiae with a 40 ug/mL solution of amanitin
and recorded the maximum elongation rate of the mRNA (Figure 2).
Q. Identify the dependent variable in the experiments. Identify the control group missing from the second experiment. Justify the need for this control group in the second experiment.
Dependent variable: maximum elongation rate. Control groups: wild and experimental strains not treated with amanitin. They are important to see if the change in elongation rates depends on the amanitin inhibition or any other variable.
Before answering the question, let us first review a few concepts.
→ with the modified RNA polymerase enzyme
→ without the modified RNA polymerase enzyme
(1)The dependent variable is themaximum elongation rate
Amanitin is a specific RNA polymerase inhibitor that binds to the RNA polymerase active site and inhibits transcription.
(1) Thedependent variableis themaximum elongation rate
(2) The missing control groups arewild-type and experimental strains not treated with amanitin.
(3) The importance of including the control groups is to analyze if the change in the elongation rates depends on the amanitin inhibition or any other variable.
You can learn more about dependen / independent variables and control groups at,
Answer:
Explanation:
Hello!
The scientist created an experimental strain that produces a modified RNA polymerase with a single amino acid substitution. This mutation is supposed to change the elongation rate of the mRNA during transcription.
The dependent or response variable, is the one the researchers are interested in, meaning, are the characteristics that the researcher will pay attention to and measure during the experiment.
In this example, the researcher is interested in testing the max elongation rate during transcription, which is the dependent variable of this experiment.
In the second part of the experiment, both strains of yeast, wilds, and experimental, where exposed to 40ug/mL solution of amanitin and recorded the maximum elongation rate of the RNA. This is naturally to test the effects of amanitin over the elongation rate of the mRNA in both strains.
The control group is a set of experimental units that are exposed to the same conditions as the experimental groups, with the exception that they receive no treatment (or they receive a "no effective" treatment often called a placebo). The purpose of a control group is to know the natural response of the experimental units to a treatment-free environment, this way when comparing both groups, the researcher will be able to observe the differences or changes due to the applied treatments.
In the second experiment, there are missing two control groups, one made of the wild strain and the other made of the experimental strain, exposed to the same conditions as the treated strains.
I hope this helps!
The geological process that returns carbon to the atmosphere in the form of carbon dioxide is volcanic activity.
Volcanoes release carbon dioxide when they erupt. This occurs because magma, which is molten rock beneath the Earth's surface, contains dissolved gases including carbon dioxide. When a volcano erupts, the pressure on the magma decreases, causing the gases to rapidly expand and escape from the magma. This process is similar to opening a bottle of soda and seeing the carbon dioxide bubbles escape.
When volcanic gases, including carbon dioxide, are released into the atmosphere during an eruption, they can have both short-term and long-term effects. In the short term, volcanic eruptions can contribute to localized increases in carbon dioxide levels, which can affect air quality and potentially pose risks to human health. However, in the long term, volcanic activity plays a significant role in the carbon cycle.
Over millions of years, volcanic activity has been a major source of carbon dioxide in the Earth's atmosphere. This carbon dioxide combines with water vapor in the atmosphere to form carbonic acid, which then falls back to Earth as acid rain. Acid rain, along with other weathering processes, helps to break down rocks and release carbon, returning it to the soil and oceans. From there, carbon can be incorporated into the shells of marine organisms, sink to the ocean floor, and eventually become part of sedimentary rocks.
Through processes like weathering and erosion, carbon that is stored in rocks and sediments can be brought back to the surface and released into the atmosphere during volcanic activity. This completes the cycle of carbon, where it is continuously exchanged between the atmosphere, oceans, and Earth's interior.
In conclusion, volcanic activity is a geological process that returns carbon to the atmosphere in the form of carbon dioxide. This process is part of the natural carbon cycle, which involves the continuous exchange of carbon between the atmosphere, oceans, and Earth's interior.
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Answer:Volcanic Activity.
Explanation:
Tap root
Oxygen and acetylene cylinders should be stored separately and upright in a well-ventilated, dry area away from heat or ignition sources. The temperature should be below their critical temperatures to maintain their state. Depending on the gases, a large storage capacity may be required.
Oxygen and acetylene cylinders are often used in applications like oxyhydrogen and oxyacetylene torches. These cylinders come with specific storage requirements to ensure safety and maintain the integrity of the gases inside.
Firstly, oxygen and acetylene cylinders should be stored separately. Oxygen is an oxidizing agent and can react with acetylene, a fuel, causing a fire or explosion if not stored correctly. Acetylene cylinders should be stored upright, as acetylene is typically dissolved in a liquid and could escape from the cylinder if stored on its side.
Storage areas should be well-ventilated, dry, and situated away from sources of heat or ignition. Cylinders should also be stored at temperatures below their critical temperatures to maintain their state. For example, for CO₂ it's around 31 °C. Above this temperature, no amount of pressure can liquefy CO₂, hence no liquid CO₂ would exist in the cylinder.
Moreover, a large storage capacity may be required. As a point of reference, it would require roughly 1020 L (269 gal) of gaseous methane at about 1 atm of pressure to replace 1 gallon of gasoline, due to differences in energy content.
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Answer:
The storage requirements for oxygen and acetylene cylinders are critical to ensure safety. Here are some general guidelines:
1. **Separation**: Oxygen and acetylene cylinders should be stored separately, and there should be a minimum distance or physical barrier between them. This separation is essential because oxygen supports combustion, while acetylene is highly flammable. Keeping them apart reduces the risk of a dangerous reaction.
2. **Ventilation**: Storage areas should be well-ventilated to prevent the accumulation of gases in the event of a leak. Adequate ventilation helps dissipate any escaping gas and reduces the risk of fire or explosion.
3. **Secure Storage**: Cylinders should be stored upright and securely chained or strapped to prevent them from falling over. Falling cylinders can damage the valves or cause leaks, leading to hazardous situations.
4. **Protection from Heat and Sunlight**: Oxygen cylinders should be protected from direct sunlight and excessive heat. High temperatures can increase the pressure inside the cylinder and pose safety risks. Acetylene cylinders should also be protected from extreme heat, as they can become unstable when exposed to high temperatures.
5. **Labeling**: Cylinders should be labeled properly to indicate their contents. This helps identify gases quickly and prevents accidental mix-ups.
6. **No Smoking or Open Flames**: Smoking, open flames, or any potential sources of ignition should be prohibited in the storage area.
7. **Regular Inspection**: Cylinders should be periodically inspected for damage, corrosion, or other issues. Damaged cylinders should be removed from service and properly handled.
8. **Compliance with Regulations**: It's essential to comply with local, state, and national regulations regarding the storage and handling of compressed gases. These regulations may vary depending on your location and the specific industry.
9. **Safety Equipment**: Make sure that appropriate safety equipment, such as fire extinguishers, is readily available in the storage area in case of emergencies.
It's crucial to consult with relevant safety authorities or experts in your area to ensure that you are following all the necessary safety guidelines and regulations for storing oxygen and acetylene cylinders. These gases can be hazardous, and proper storage is essential to prevent accidents and ensure the safety of personnel and property.