Answer:
One of the first labs to analyze oxygen consumption was established by Lavoisier and Laplace in the late 18th century.
Explanation:
Initial laboratories studying oxygen consumption used innovative techniques, such as isotope tracers, and advanced equipment, such as respirometers, to examine various organisms and processes. Renowned scientist Mildred Cohn played a crucial role in this early research, providing insights into metabolic pathways and enzyme mechanisms.
The first labs to investigate oxygen consumption studied a variety of concepts and organisms. Pioneering this study, Mildred Cohn made significant discoveries utilizing isotopes as tracers in reactions. This strategy provided invaluable insights into metabolic pathways and enzyme mechanisms. Specifically, this strategy was used to understand the phosphorylation of glucose in mitochondria.
The respirometer is an essential tool in measuring oxygen consumption. In an experiment conducted in a laboratory, mice were used to observe the respiration levels at different temperatures. This was done by tracking the volume of oxygen each mouse consumed over multiple five-minute trials.
Also, oxygen consumption in humans can be combined with our understanding of our digestive process. The energy humans and other organisms need to function normally is generated through the gradual oxidation of chemical compounds in the body. Oxygen acts as the ultimate oxidizing agent in these reactions, linking to our digestion and energy conversion processes.
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Answer: Option (3) is the correct answer.
Explanation:
Molecular substances are the substances which have two or more different atoms attached together.
Molecular substances have weak intermolecular forces of attraction thus, they have low melting and boiling point.
They have poor electrical conductivity as the bond formation in molecular compounds is covalent. Therefore, they also have poor heat conductivity.
Hence, out of the given options low melting point is the characteristic property of molecular substances.
Answer is: 3) low melting point.
Molecular substances are usually gases and liquids with low melting point.
The melting point depends on the strength of the intermolecular forces.
Intermolecular forces are the forces between molecules.
Molecular substances have bad heat conductivity and electrical conductivity.
Molecular substances are bonded with covalent bonds.
B) 100 mL
C) 75 mL
D) 50 mL
E) 25 mL
Answer: Option (D) is the correct answer.
Explanation:
Molarity is number of moles divided by volume of the solution.
Mathematically, Molarity =
Also, in the given situation number of moles of both HCl and NaOH are equal. Therefore, volume of HCl will be calculated as follows.
=
=
=
= 50 mL
Thus, we can conclude that volume of HCl is 50 mL.
A Brønsted-Lowry base is a species that accepts a proton (hydrogen ion) from another species. NH3, OH-, and even water itself are examples of Brønsted-Lowry bases, denoting they accept protons.
A Brønsted-Lowry base is a species that can accept a proton (a hydrogen ion) from another species. For instance, in a reaction between water and ammonia, NH3 is the Brønsted-Lowry base because it accepts a proton from water. This means that any species capable of accepting a proton, such as hydroxide ion (OH-), ammonia (NH3), or water itself can be considered a Brønsted-Lowry base.
For example, think about the dissociation of water:
H2O + H2O ⇌ H3O+ + OH-
In this reaction, water is acting as both a Brønsted-Lowry acid and a Brønsted-Lowry base. One water molecule donates a proton and becomes a hydroxide ion (the conjugate base), while the other accepts a proton to become hydronium (the conjugate acid).
Another example would be the ionization of ammonia in water:
NH3 + H2O ⇌ NH4+ + OH-
Here, ammonia (NH3) is the Brønsted-Lowry base as it accepts a proton from water to become ammonium (NH4+).
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