Viruses A. usually infect only specific types of cells. B. reproduce on their own and sometimes within hosts. C. are nonliving particles. D. are able to crystallize.

1. Answer;

-Fungus

Explanation;

-A pioneer species is one which is the first to colonize an area, which can be seen with fungus in the way that spores are quickly spread across large areas.

-Pioneer species are usually lichens and mosses, which can grow on bare rocks. As they grow, the lichens and mosses help break up the rocks to form soil. When these organisms die, they provide nutrients that enrich the developing soil. Over time, seeds of plants land in the new soil and begin to grow.

2. Answer;

The statement above is true

Explanation;

-Secondary succession can happen after primary succession or independently of primary succession.

-Secondary succession is the series of community changes which take place on a previously colonized, but disturbed or damaged habitat. Examples include areas which have been cleared of existing vegetation by forest fire, tsunami, flood, or an abandoned field.

-Secondary succession may occur independently, but the stages of secondary succession are similar to those of primary succession; however, primary succession always begins on a barren surface, whereas secondary succession begins in environments that already possess soil.

3. Answer;

A. It occurs in ecosystems without soil.

Explanation;

-Secondary succession refers to the process that happens after a disruptive event, reducing the population of species in an ecosystem. As opposed to primary succession that occurs in an ecosystem lacking soil, secondary succession happens on preexisting soil.

-Primary succession occurs following an opening of a pristine habitat, for example, a lava flow, an area left from retreated glacier, or abandoned strip mine. In contrast, secondary succession is a response to a disturbance, for example, forest fire, tsunami, flood, or an abandoned field.

Grass is an example of a pioneer species, so option d is correct. The second statement is True. Secondary succession can happen after primary succession or independently of primary succession. Secondary succession reduces the number of species in an ecosystem thus the answer is (C).

Hardy species called pioneer species are the first to establish themselves in once-biodiverse steady-state ecosystems. Lichens, fungi, bacteria, fireweed, grasses, alder, and willow are examples of pioneer species.

In primary succession, living organisms first occupy newly exposed or newly created rock. In secondary succession, a previously inhabited area is disturbed, disrupted, and then recolonized as a result of the disturbance.

In third question, among all the given options only option (c), "it reduces the number of species in an ecosystem" is not true.

Before secondary succession starts, a variety of species will already be present in the ecosystem and new complex plants and animals move in as the ecosystem develops, bringing with them new species. so it will increase the number of species in an ecosystem.

Therefore, in question 1st, option d is right, in question 2nd, the given statement is true, and in 3rd, option c is right.

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The complete part of 3rd question is:

Which of the following about secondary succession is not true?

A) It occurs in ecosystems without soil.

B) It occurs in ecosystems that are already established.

C) It reduces the number of species in an ecosystem.

D) It is initiated by a disruptive event.

Answer:

The correct answer would be A. a decrease in the number of producers.

Human activities like construction of roads, parking lots, buildings et cetera lead to the deforestation due to which producers like grass, plants, trees, et cetera are removed from the area.

Thus, the number of producers is adversely reduced.

Consequently, less amount of mass and energy are available at a primary trophic level.

Answer:

Etowah Indian Mounds

Explanation:

Etowah Indian Mounds are a 54-acre archaeological site in Bartow County, Georgia and is considered as the second credible most Indian mound in Mississippi.

It mainly has three platform mounds and three lesser mounds. The tallest mound is called The Temple Mounds which is 63 feet high, taller than a six-story building,

The artefacts that have been explored from the Etowah site reflect that is people had deep interest in art and cultural advancement. Some cooper tools and ornaments have been discovered that support this stance

Answer:

Etowah Indian Mounds

Explanation:

Etowah Indian Mounds states historic site is the most intact, whole complete, undamaged and unbroken site in the South East of the Mississippi. This site was the home of thousands of Native Americans between 1000 AD to 1550AD. This site is a site of 54 acres in size, it protects six earthen mounds, village site, a plaza, defensive ditch and borrow pits. The site is a classified National Historic Landmark and it is managed by Georgia Department of natural resources.

Answer: A. an inhibitor

An enzyme inhibitor is a substance that slows down the action of the enzyme by binding at the active site of the enzyme preventing the binding of the substrate to it. It alters the catalytic activity of the enzyme either by slowing down or simply stopping the catalytic reaction.