The different types of citizenship are citizenship by family, citizenship by birth, citizenship by marriage, naturalization, economic citizenship and excluded categories.
Citizenship can be understood as the relationship between an individual and a state to which the individual owes allegiance and in turn, is entitled to its protection. There are different types of citizenship based on different factors. First is citizenship by family, if one or both of a person's parents are citizens of a given state, then the person may have the right to be a citizen of that state as well. Second is citizenship by birth, some people are automatically citizens of the state in which they are born.
Third is citizenship by marriage, many countries fast-track naturalization based on the marriage of a person to a citizen. Fourthly, regarding naturalization, states normally grant citizenship to people who have entered the country legally and been granted a permit to stay, or been granted political asylum, and also lived there for a specified period. Fifth is economic citizenship, wealthy people invest money in property or businesses, buy government bonds or simply donate cash directly, in exchange for citizenship and a passport.
Thus above are the different types of citizenship.
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b) criterion validity
c) discriminant validity
d) content validity
Answer:
b) criterion validity
Explanation:
Criterion validity: In research methods & statistics, the term "criterion validity" is also referred as "concrete validity" and is described as the degree to which a particular measure is associated with a particular outcome. There are mainly two distinct types of criterion validity including predictive as well as concurrent validity.
Criterion validity is being helpful for the tests or study that measures behavior in any given scenario.
In the question above, the given statement signifies the "criterion validity".
b. separation of powers
c. checks and balances
d. federalism
e. separated institutions sharing powers
Answer:
c. checks and balances
Explanation:
Checks and balances is a term often used in political spheres, which describes different ways in which government tends to limit mistakes, prevent improper action, and majorly to reduce the risk of central power in government.
In other words, Checks and balances usually ensure that separate branches are empowered to prevent actions (actions considered controversial or outrightly wrong) by other branches and are induced to share power. Checks and balances are applied primarily in constitutional governments
To have a sound checks and balances, the United States government executes this principle of government through her three branches: the legislative, executive, and judicial branches.
To allay the fears of the people, the first 10 amendments were added to the new constitution. These were the Bill of Rights that would prevent Federal Government from violating the rights of the people. At that time people did not want to be dominated like the way the British did to them.