Answer:
The correct answer is option B, 7.5 billion
Explanation:
As per the US Census Bureau, the world population in year 2016 was approximately US
7346235000. As per the UN estimate there were 7 billion people on planet earth in 2011 and World Bank estimates say that there were 7 billion people in year 2012
The top most populated countries in coming year (along with their population) would be
China 1,367,485,388
India 1,251,695,584
United States 321,368,864
Fossils
Timelines
Molecular clocks
Molecular clocks use the relationship between the DNA of several groups of organisms to evaluate how long ago they diverged evolutionarily from one another. Therefore, option (4) is correct.
The molecular clock can be described as a figurative term for a technique that utilizes the mutation rate of biomolecules to determine the time when two or more life forms diverged. The biomolecular data used are usually nucleotide sequences for DNA, RNA, or amino acid sequences for proteins.
The benchmarks for calculating the mutation rate are often fossil or archaeological dates. The molecular clock is commonly used in molecular evolution to estimate times of speciation or radiation.
The molecular clock can only give one time period as it cannot assign concrete dates. For viral phylogenetics and ancient DNA studies, the areas of evolutionary biology, the intermediate samples can be utilized to more precisely calibrate the molecular clock.
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The volume = 6.71 L
Charles's Law
When the gas pressure is kept constant, the gas volume is proportional to the temperature
V₁=7 L
T₁=25 °C(room temperature) + 273 = 298 K
T₂=12.5(halved) + 273 = 285.5 K
In DNA, the nitrogenous bases are represented by A for Adenine, T for Thymine, C for Cytosine, and G for Guanine. Adenine pairs with Thymine, and Cytosine pairs with Guanine, through hydrogen bonds.
In DNA, there are four nitrogen bases represented by the letters A (Adenine), C (Cytosine), G (Guanine), and T (Thymine). These bases form complementary base pairs, with A pairing with T, and C pairing with G. The bases are held together by hydrogen bonds, with A and T sharing two hydrogen bonds, while C and G share three. These bases are differentiated by their ring structures: Adenine and Guanine are double-ringed structures called purines, while Cytosine and Thymine are single-ringed structures known as pyrimidines. The pairing always occurs between one purine and one pyrimidine, which helps maintain the uniform shape and structure of the DNA molecule.
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The transfer of heat energy that does not require matter of any type is radiation
Energy that emanates from a source and moves through space at the speed of light is referred to as radiation. This energy has wave-like qualities and is accompanied by an electric field and a magnetic field. Radiation may also be referred to as electromagnetic waves. electromagnetic waves or particles are emitted as energy.
Radon gas, cosmic rays from space, x-rays used in medicine, and radiation emitted by radioactive isotopes are examples of common sources of radiation. Radiation is the process of transferring thermal energy without the need for any kind of materials.
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