Pernicious anemia is an autoimmune disease that primarily affects the absorption of vitamin B12 in the stomach. While pernicious anemia itself is not directly associated with other autoimmune diseases, individuals with autoimmune conditions may have an increased risk of developing multiple autoimmune diseases simultaneously.
Some autoimmune diseases that individuals with pernicious anemia might be at a higher risk of developing as part of APS or due to shared autoimmune mechanisms include:
These include conditions like Hashimoto's thyroiditis and Graves' disease.
An autoimmune form of diabetes.
An autoimmune condition affecting the adrenal glands.
An autoimmune disorder causing depigmentation of the skin.
An autoimmune disorder triggered by the ingestion of gluten.
An autoimmune disease that primarily affects the joints.
Answer:
Shape and size vary from cell to cell according to their functions and composition. For example, a nerve cell is long and branched, meant for the transmission of signals throughout our body while a muscle cell is small and spindle-shaped which helps in movement.
Explanation:
The term describing the loss of electrons during metabolism is oxidation. In metabolic processes like cellular respiration, substrates are oxidized to release energy, playing a critical role in sustaining life.
The term that describes the loss of electrons that occurs during metabolism, the process by which your body breaks down and builds up molecules, is known as oxidation. Whenever a substrate is oxidized, it loses electrons. For example, in the process of cellular respiration, glucose is oxidized to carbon dioxide, and oxygen is reduced to water. The transferred electrons are carried by certain molecules to other parts of the cell to release energy used for metabolic functions. Therefore, metabolism and oxidation play crucial roles in our body to sustain life.
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When cells in a body are not working properly and normally, they cause disruption in the body homeostasis.
Homeostatis is characterized as balance in the body but when there is any disturbance in the body, it breaks down the balance and cause imbalance. For example in the case of diabetes in which body fails to maintain the good amount of glucose in blood which results in imbalance the body which is why diabetic patients are asked to maintain and monitor their body sugar level to maintain homeostatis.
When the cells in your body do not work correctly, homeostatic balance is disrupted. Diabetes is a good example of this.