Which two physical properties allow a mixture to be separated by chromatography 1) solubility and molecular polarity
2) malleability and thermal conductivity
3) density and specific heat capacity
4) hardness and boiling point

Chromatography is an important analytical technique used to separate individual components from a mixture using their polarity difference. Thus option 1 is correct.

What is chromatography ?

Chromatographic technique is used to separate components from a mixture using their polarity and solubility in a solvent. There are different kinds of chromatographic techniques such as paper chromatography, column chromatography, ion-exchange chromatography etc.

All the chromatographic techniques uses the common principle that is the differential distribution of components between mobile phase and stationary phase.

A mobile phase is the movable side in the chromatographic column which brings the solutes to the bottom of the column . Stationary column is stationary and thus the solutes which are more adoured to the stationary side will elute last.

The attachment of solutes to the mobile phase or stationary phase is dependant upon their polarity and solubility in the solvent used. Thus, option 1 is correct.

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Answer:

                 Option-1 (Solubility and Molecular polarity) is the correct answer.

Explanation:

                        Thin Layer Chromatography is employed to separate a mixture of non volatile compounds. In this technique an adsorbent material like silica gel is coated on a plastic, glass or aluminium sheet. Then the mixture of compounds is applied at the bottom of sheet and the sheet is placed in the container containing a solvent system. It is observed that the solvent starts travelling upward through capillary action.

While the solvent is running the mixture of compounds starts separating from each other. This separation is due to following physical properties.

1) Solubility of Mixture in Solvent:

                                                          In a mixture those compounds which has more solubility in solvent will travel more and will give greater Rf value and the less soluble will left behind with smaller Rf value. Hence due to solubility a mixture of compounds can be separated.

2) Polarity of Molecules:

                                          As the stationary phase (adsorbent material) is polar in nature, so in mixture those compounds which are less polar will less interact with the stationary phase and will travel more with greater Rf value, while, more polar molecules will form stronger interactions with the stationary phase, hence will travel less and therefore, will show smaller Rf values.