the formation of bone from preexisting elastic cartilage models
the formation of bone from preexisting fibrocartilage models
the formation of bone from fibrous membranes
Explanation:
Answer:
The likelihood that something will happen
Explanation:
On ape-x, correct as of late May 2021
Answer:
A nucleotide is composed of three components: a nitrogenous base, a sugar molecule, and a phosphate group.
Explanation:
1. Nitrogenous Base: There are two types of nitrogenous bases found in nucleotides: purines and pyrimidines. Purines include adenine (A) and guanine (G), while pyrimidines include cytosine (C), thymine (T), and uracil (U) in RNA. These nitrogenous bases have different pKa values: adenine and guanine have pKa values around 3.5, while cytosine, thymine, and uracil have pKa values around 4.5.
2. Sugar Molecule: The sugar molecule in a nucleotide is either deoxyribose (in DNA) or ribose (in RNA). Deoxyribose and ribose are both five-carbon sugars. Deoxyribose has a hydrogen atom at the 2' carbon position, while ribose has a hydroxyl group (OH) at the same position. The pKa of the sugar molecule is not relevant to the connection between nucleotides.
3. Phosphate Group: The phosphate group consists of a phosphorus atom bonded to four oxygen atoms. One oxygen is connected to the 5' carbon of the sugar molecule, forming a phosphodiester bond. The pKa of the phosphate group is around 1.
The three components of a nucleotide connect to each other through covalent bonds. The nitrogenous base is connected to the 1' carbon of the sugar molecule, forming a glycosidic bond. The phosphate group is connected to the 5' carbon of the sugar molecule through a phosphodiester bond. This connection repeats in a linear fashion, forming a chain of nucleotides. In DNA, this chain forms the double helix structure through hydrogen bonding between complementary nitrogenous bases (A with T and G with C), while in RNA, the chain remains single-stranded.
To summarize, the three components of a nucleotide are the nitrogenous base, the sugar molecule, and the phosphate group. The relevant pKa values are around 3.5 for adenine and guanine, around 4.5 for cytosine, thymine, and uracil, and around 1 for the phosphate group. These components connect to each other through glycosidic bonds between the base and the sugar, and phosphodiester bonds between the sugar and the phosphate group.
b.A cell's genotype is determined by its DNA and its phenotype is determined by its proteins.
c.A cell's genotype is determined by its DNA and its proteins.
d.A cell's genotype and phenotype are determined by its proteins.
b. climax communities are not possible
c. dominant organisms drive out pioneer species
d. ecosystems never reach a sustainable point
Correct answer: A) Organisms gradually change the environment
Succession occurs when there is a disturbance in the environment, it would be a minor disturbance like a fire or a major disturbance like a volcanic eruption. Based on the disturbance, succession can be divided into two types:
1). Primary Succession: Primary succession is said to happen when a group of the species or a community evolve from a barren land or a land with no life. This land is fresh and does not have any life on it.
Example: Primary succession occurs after a volcanic eruption
2). Secondary Succession: The secondary succession is said to occur when there is a disturbance and it destroys ecosystem but still there is an availability of nutrient, seed, and soil.
Example: Forest Fire
Succession occurs because organisms gradually change the environment. (Option a.)
Succession is the process by which an ecosystem undergoes changes over time due to the influence of living organisms. It occurs because organisms gradually change the environment they inhabit. In ecological succession, there are two main types:
1. Primary Succession: This occurs in areas where no previous ecosystem existed, such as bare rock, volcanic lava, or newly formed sand dunes. Pioneer species, like lichens and mosses, are the first to colonize such areas. Over time, they break down the rock and create soil, making it possible for other plants and organisms to establish themselves. As the environment changes and becomes more hospitable, the community of species gradually changes, leading to a series of distinct stages until a stable climax community is reached.
2. Secondary Succession: This type of succession occurs in areas that have been disturbed or disrupted, but where soil and some remnants of the previous ecosystem remain. For example, after a forest fire or clear-cutting, the area will undergo secondary succession. Pioneer species, often grasses and shrubs, quickly establish themselves and create conditions for other species to colonize the area. As the ecosystem recovers, different stages of plant and animal communities succeed one another, eventually leading to a climax community that is relatively stable.
In both types of succession, organisms play a significant role in changing the environment, creating conditions that allow new species to establish and eventually leading to a more complex and diverse ecosystem.
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