b. transition state
c. rate limiter
d. collision group
Another name for the activated complex is Transition State.
According to Collision Theory for a chemical reaction to occur the reactants must collide with proper orientation and required energy. In this way the old bonds are broken and new bonds are formed. The mid point of highest energy at which both bond formation and breakage is taking place is called activation complex, a complex in between reactant and product.
The energy of this complex is the minimum amount of energy required for a particular reactants to convert into products and is called as Activation Energy.
This activation complex is also termed as Transition State because according to Transition State Theory at transition state the existing bonds tend to increase in length and become weaken while, the new forming bonds tend to decrease in length and start becoming stronger. Hence, the activated complex is in transition between reactants and products.
The solute must be able to react with water at the given temperature.
There must be enough energy to break the chemical bonds in the water molecules.
The temperature must be high enough to cause the solute to melt.
In order for a solute to dissolve in a solvent, the attractive forces between solute particles and the solvent particles must be stronger than the attractive forces between solute-solute and solvent-solvent particles. This is important so that the solute will remain in solution.
TRUE
FALSE
Earth is a truly unique in its abundance of water. Water is necessary to sustaining life on Earth, and helps tie together the Earth's lands, oceans, and atmosphere into an integrated system. Precipitation, evaporation, freezing and melting and condensation are all part of the hydrological cycle - a never-ending global process of water circulation from clouds to land, to the ocean, and back to the clouds. This cycling of water is intimately linked with energy exchanges among the atmosphere, ocean, and land that determine the Earth's climate and cause much of natural climate variability. The impacts of climate change and variability on the quality of human life occur primarily through changes in the water cycle. As stated in the National Research Council's report on Research Pathways for the Next Decade (NRC, 1999): "Water is at the heart of both the causes and effects of climate change."
Importance of the ocean in the water cycleThe ocean plays a key role in this vital cycle of water. The ocean holds 97% of the total water on the planet; 78% of global precipitation occurs over the ocean, and it is the source of 86% of global evaporation. Besides affecting the amount of atmospheric water vapor and hence rainfall, evaporation from the sea surface is important in the movement of heat in the climate system. Water evaporates from the surface of the ocean, mostly in warm, cloud-free subtropical seas. This cools the surface of the ocean, and the large amount of heat absorbed the ocean partially buffers the greenhouse effect from increasing carbon dioxide and other gases. Water vapor carried by the atmosphere condenses as clouds and falls as rain, mostly in the ITCZ, far from where it evaporated, Condensing water vapor releases latent heat and this drives much of the the atmospheric circulation in the tropics. This latent heat release is an important part of the Earth’s heat balance, and it couples the planet’s energy and water cycles.
The major physical components of the global water cycle include the evaporation from the ocean and land surfaces, the transport of water vapor by the atmosphere, precipitation onto the ocean and land surfaces, the net atmospheric transport of water from land areas to ocean, and the return flow of fresh water from the land back into the ocean. The additional components of oceanic water transport are few, including the mixing of fresh water through the oceanic boundary layer, transport by ocean currents, and sea ice processes. On land the situation is considerably more complex, and includes the deposition of rain and snow on land; water flow in runoff; infiltration of water into the soil and groundwater; storage of water in soil, lakes and streams, and groundwater; polar and glacial ice; and use of water in vegetation and human activities. Illustration of the water cycle showing the ocean, land, mountains, and rivers returning to the ocean. Processes labeled include: precipitation, condensation, evaporation, evaportranspiration (from tree into atmosphere), radiative exchange, surface runoff, ground water and stream flow, infiltration, percolation and soil moisture.
The examples that represent potential energy are:
A. A candy bar
B. A stretched rubber band
D. A roller coaster at the top of a hill
It is the stored energy in any object or system by virtue of its position or arrangement of parts. This energy depicts zero motion or movement unlike kinetic energy. For example : A candy bar, stretched rubber band and roller coaster at the top of a hill all indicate positions without any said explanation of movement.
Thus, correct options are A, B and D.
Find more information about Potential energy here:
Answer:
A candy bar
A stretched rubber band
A roller coaster at the top of a hill
Explanation:
Potential energy is the energy present as a result of the position of an object. This energy depicts zero motion or movement unlike kinetic energy.
A candy bar, stretched rubber band and roller coaster at the top of a hill all indicate positions without any said explanation of movement.
The other option choices depicts a type of movement .This is why the three option choices are correct in this scenario.
Answer: The correct answer is alpha particle.
Explanation:
There are 3 radioactive particles which are released in radioactive decay process:
1. Alpha particle: This particle is released when a nuclei undergoes alpha decay. The particle released has a mass of 4 units and has a charge of 2 units. The particle is positively charged.
2. Beta-particle: This particle is released when a nuclei undergoes beta decay process. The particle released has a mass of 0 units and has a charge of (-1) units.
3. Gamma radiations: These radiations are released when an unstable nuclei undergoes gamma ray emission and gives excess energy by a spontaneous electromagnetic process. The radiations does not carry any charge and has no mass.
Hence, the radioactive particle that is charged charged and has two protons and two neutrons is the alpha particle.