Which of the following is NOT touched by the Mediterranean Sea?A. Asia
B. Africa
C. Europe
D. South America

Answer:

its a or b im not sure

Changing ideas on the role of the individual affect the way scientists began to understand the physical world as,

Option B is correct as, Greater emphasis on the role of the individual encouraged scientists to consider explanations of the natural world outside of scripture or traditional church teachings.

Focus on individuals made scientists think about natural world outside of scripture or traditional church teachings.

Other Options are incorrect as:

• Option A is incorrect as, Greater emphasis on the role of the individual encouraged Renaissance thinkers to concentrate for long periods of time on a single thought. Focus on individual made them think about natural world.

• Option C is incorrect as, By raising the importance of the individual, scholars were able to take control over learning out of the hands of the monks. No, they did not take control over learning out of the hands.
• Option D is incorrect as, By raising the importance of the individual, scientists could focus on the biological functions of individual persons. It is not true as scientists wanted to focus on the natural world. not on biological functions.

Therefore, Option B is correct as focus on individual made scientists think about the natural world.

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Hello there! Your answer is: B- Greater emphasis on the role of the individual encouraged scientists to consider explanations of the natural world outside of scripture or traditional church teachings.

Answer:

Pope Urban made a very public and urgent plea in 1095 to all of Christendom after receiving a letter from the Byzantine Emperor Alexis describing the increasing danger from the Seljuk Turks, Tartars from Asia, who had already conquered the caliphate of Baghdad in 1055 and now were seeking to expand their empire into the Holy Land. All of the history you have heard about the Crusades is so much hogwash:

from Seven Lies About Catholic History, by Diane Moczar

Unprovoked Muslim aggression in the seventh century brought large parts of the southern Byzantine Empire, including Syria, the Holy Land, and Egypt under Arab rule. Christians who survived the conquests found themselves subject to a special poll tax and discriminated against as an inferior class known as dhimmi. Often their churches were destroyed and other harsh conditions imposed. For centuries their complaints had been reaching Rome, but Europe was having its own Dark Age of massive invasion, and nothing could be done to relieve the plight of eastern Christians.

By the eleventh century, under the rule of a new Muslim dynasty, conditions worsened. The Church of the Holy Sepulcher, site of the Crucifixion was destroyed, along with a large number of other churches, and Christian pilgrims were massacred. In 1067 a group of seven thousand peaceful German pilgrims lost two-thirds of their number to Muslim assaults. By this time the popes, including St. Gregory VII, were actively trying to rally support for relief of eastern Christians, though without success. It was not until the very end of the century, in 1095, that Pope Urban's address at Clermont in France met with a response-though not quite the one he had hoped for. But the response was what we now call the First Crusade.

"The general consensus of opinion among medievalists . . . is tha thte Crusades were military expeditions organized by the peoples of Western Christendom, notably the Normans and the French, under the leadership of the Roman Popes, for the recover of the Holy Places from their Muslim masters." This seems to sum up most neatly what the Crusades really were and how their participants actually viewed them. The Crusades were not colonialist or commercial ventures, they were not intended to force Christianity on Jews and Muslims, and they were not the projects of individual warlords. Their primary goal, in addition to the defense of the Eastern Empire, was the recovery of the Holy Land for Christendom, and they acknowledged the leadership of the Popes. As French historian Louis Brehier wrote, 'the popes alone understood the menace of Islam's progress for christian civilization.'"

Explanation:

Tenement apartments at the beginning of the twentieth century were typically overcrowded, poorly maintained, and often lacked basic amenities.

They were a common form of urban housing in many American cities during this time period. Here are some key characteristics of tenement apartments in the early 1900s:

1. Overcrowding: Tenement apartments were known for their high population density. Families and sometimes multiple families would often share small, cramped living spaces, leading to overcrowding and unsanitary conditions.
2. Poor Sanitation: Tenements often lacked proper sanitation facilities. Indoor plumbing and bathrooms were often absent, forcing residents to use communal outhouses or share bathroom facilities with multiple other families.
3. Lack of Ventilation: Many tenement apartments had poor ventilation, leading to stuffy and unhealthy living conditions. Limited access to fresh air and natural light contributed to health problems among residents.
4. Fire Hazards: Tenement buildings were often constructed with cheap, flammable materials, and they lacked adequate fire safety measures. This made them susceptible to fires, and tragic fires were not uncommon in these buildings.
5. Deteriorating Infrastructure: Many tenement buildings were old and poorly maintained, with landlords often neglecting necessary repairs and renovations. This resulted in deteriorating infrastructure and unsafe living conditions.
6. Immigrant Populations: Tenements were frequently occupied by immigrant families, as they were often the most affordable housing option for newcomers to the United States. These buildings became centers of immigrant communities in cities like New York.

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Answer:

The Enlightenment helped combat the excesses of the church, establish science as a source of knowledge, and defend human rights against tyranny. It also gave us modern schooling, medicine, republics, representative democracy, and much more.Explanation: