Social contract theory, nearly as old as philosophy itself, is the view that persons' moral and/or political obligations are dependent upon a contract or agreement among them to form the society in which they live. Socrates uses something quite like a social contract argument to explain to Crito why he must remain in prison and accept the death penalty. However, social contract theory is rightly associated with modern moral and political theory and is given its first full exposition and defense by Thomas Hobbes. After Hobbes, John Locke and Jean-Jacques Rousseau are the best known proponents of this enormously influential theory, which has been one of the most dominant theories within moral and political theory throughout the history of the modern West. In the twentieth century, moral and political theory regained philosophical momentum as a result of John Rawls’ Kantian version of social contract theory, and was followed by new analyses of the subject by David Gauthier and others. More recently, philosophers from different perspectives have offered new criticisms of social contract theory. In particular, feminists and race-conscious philosophers have argued that social contract theory is at least an incomplete picture of our moral and political lives, and may in fact camouflage some of the ways in which the contract is itself parasitical upon the subjugations of classes of persons.
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Napoleon Bonaparte played a pivotal role in the restoration of the Catholic Church in France through the Concordat of 1801. This move aimed to stabilize France politically and socially and create unity within the country.
This agreement, signed between Napoleon and Pope Pius VII, redefined the relationship between the French government and the Catholic Church after the upheaval of the French Revolution. The Concordat recognized Catholicism as the religion of the majority of the French people, allowed for the appointment of bishops by the state, and provided for state salaries for the clergy.
It brought an end to the anti-religious policies of the Revolution, restored the Church's legal status, and reestablished its presence in the daily life of the French people.
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Answer:
He declared Catholicism the official religion of France.
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