What are the sides of the DNA ladder made of?
The sides of the DNA ladder are made of alternating deoxyribose sugar molecules and phosphate groups.
The DNA molecule has a double helix structure, resembling a twisted ladder. The sides, or rails, of this ladder are composed of two long chains of nucleotides running in opposite directions. Each nucleotide consists of three components: a deoxyribose sugar molecule, a phosphate group, and a nitrogenous base (adenine, thymine, cytosine, or guanine). The deoxyribose sugar molecules and phosphate groups alternate to form the backbone of the DNA strand. The phosphate groups link the sugar molecules together through covalent bonds, creating a strong and stable structure.
The nitrogenous bases, which include adenine (A), thymine (T), cytosine (C), and guanine (G), project inward from the sugar-phosphate backbone and form complementary base pairs (A with T and C with G) between the two DNA strands. These base pairs are held together by hydrogen bonds, which provide the specificity and complementarity necessary for DNA replication and information storage. This elegant molecular architecture allows DNA to store and transmit genetic information accurately.
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CuO(s) + H₂(g) → Cu(s) + H₂O(l)
CuO(s) + H₂(g) → Cu(s) + H₂O(l)
Answer:
Metals
Explanation:
Explanation:
Media reflects the society. It shows the true facts about the society. Media plays a very important role in show casing the injustice or the wrong that is going on in the society. It should report all the matters correctly about the violation that occurred. It should not spread any false news but should show the truth behind any violations. It should also aware people about the cause of the violation and also the consequences of it so not it will not be repeated in the future.
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B. the more heat escapes from the Earth
C. the more UV rays reach the Earth
D. the warmer the Earth will get
Proteins catalyze reactions, part of the immune system, transport molecules such as oxygen, and transmit messages from cell to cell.
Proteins are very large molecules made of basic units known as aminoacids. Proteins consist of carbon (C), hydrogen (H), nitrogen (N), oxygen (O), and sulfur (S).
Protein molecules are produced by twisted and folded strands of amino acids. Proteins are actively involved in the most important as well as basic aspects of life. These include metabolism, cellular communication, movement, molecular recognition, and defense.
The shape of structural proteins allows them to form essential structures of the body. Collagen holds most of the body tissues together, a protein with a fiber shape. Structural protein Keratin creates a network of waterproof fibers on the outer layer of the skin.
The shape of functional proteins enables them to contribute to the chemical processes of the body. Functional proteins include cell membrane receptors, hormones, growth factors, and enzymes.
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