Which is a compound?
water
iodine
air
calcium

The glomerular lesion that is characterized by thickening of the glomerular capillary wall with immune deposition is called membranous glomerulonephritis.

In this condition, there is a buildup of immune complexes, which are composed of antibodies and antigens, in the glomerular capillary walls. This immune deposition leads to inflammation and thickening of the walls, impairing the filtration function of the kidneys.

The thickening of the glomerular capillary wall in membranous glomerulonephritis is caused by the accumulation of immune complexes in the subepithelial space. These immune complexes can be formed due to various underlying causes, such as autoimmune diseases, infections, medications, or certain cancers. The immune complexes trigger an inflammatory response, attracting immune cells to the glomerular capillary walls and causing damage.

As a result of the thickening of the glomerular capillary wall, the normal filtration process in the kidneys is disrupted. This can lead to proteinuria (presence of excess protein in the urine), hypoalbuminemia (low levels of albumin in the blood), and edema (swelling) in the affected individual. Over time, the chronic inflammation and scarring can further impair kidney function and may progress to chronic kidney disease.
To diagnose membranous glomerulonephritis, a kidney biopsy is typically performed to examine the glomeruli under a microscope. The presence of thickened glomerular capillary walls with immune deposits confirms the diagnosis.

Treatment for membranous glomerulonephritis aims to reduce inflammation, control symptoms, and preserve kidney function. Depending on the underlying cause and severity of the condition, treatment options may include medications such as immunosuppressants, angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors (ACE inhibitors), or angiotensin receptor blockers (ARBs). In some cases, individuals may require supportive measures such as dietary modifications and fluid restriction.
In summary, membranous glomerulonephritis is a glomerular lesion characterized by thickening of the glomerular capillary wall due to immune deposition. It can result in kidney dysfunction and is typically diagnosed through a kidney biopsy. Treatment options focus on reducing inflammation and preserving kidney function.

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Answer:

C. 1/256

Explanation:

In the tetrahybrid cross, we have different four groups. Let name them Part (A, B, C &  D).

Let Part A be Aa and Aa... If both traits crosses; we have

         A          a

A       AA        Aa

a        Aa        aa

Hence, there is a total of 4 combinations

Let Part B be Bb and Bb... If both traits crosses; we have

         B          b

B       BB        Bb

b       Bb         bb

Hence, there is a total of 4 combinations

Let C be Cc and Cc ... If both traits crossses; we have

         C           c

C       CC        Cc

c        Cc        cc

Hence, there is a total of 4 combinations

Let D be Dd and Dd... If both traits crosses; we have

         D          d

D       DD       Dd

d        Dd       dd

Hence, there is a total of 4 combinations

A genotype has the 4 groups together. Therefore the possible number of ways of forming the genotype = 4 x 4 x 4 x 4= 256

Now, Probability that the F2 offspring would be expected to be genotypically AABBCCdd =

=

The most common example of shared characteristics among different types of cells is the cell membrane. Every cell is enclosed by a cell membrane which protects the cell from its surroundings by separating the interior components from the exterior ones.

Further Explanation:

A cell membrane is permeable to selective molecules which means only particular substances can traverse the membrane. The essential molecules are allowed to enter whereas the toxic or non-essential molecules are excreted out of the cell through the cell membrane.

The phospholipids are arranged in a bilayer to form a cell membrane. It also contains the cholesterol present in between phospholipids and maintains the fluidity at different temperatures. The membrane also contains integral and peripheral proteins that help in the transport of materials and maintain the structure and shape of the cell respectively. Glycoproteins are also attached covalently to the membrane and help in cell-cell recognition, cell adhesion, and also serve as receptors for other molecules.

Apart from the cell membrane, certain cells also contain cell walls which surround the cell membrane. It is present in plants, bacteria, and fungi and prevents the over-expansion of the cell. In plants, the cell wall helps in providing turgidity to the cell and also maintains the shape and structure of the cell whereas, humans are devoid of cell walls instead they contain cell membranes.

A cytoskeleton is not a protective barrier for the cell but provides rigidity to the cell and is present in the cytoplasm of the cell. Its main function to provide rigidity to the cell and resistance against deformation by associating with other proteins and connective tissues. It also helps in the transport of material within the cytoplasm and also helps in cell signaling.

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Answer Details:

Grade: High School

Subject: Biology

Chapter: The Cell Membrane

Keywords:

Cell membrane, cytoplasm, cytoskeleton, cell wall, glycoproteins, phospholipid bilayer, cholesterol, glycoproteins, integral proteins, peripheral proteins, cell recognition, cell adhesion, cell signaling.

Answer:

A zygote is a eukaryotic cell formed by a fertilization event between two gametes. The zygote's genome is a combination of the DNA in each gamete, and contains all of the genetic information necessary to form a new individual organism.

Explanation:

what i said