1. Nucleus: Contains genetic material, controls cell activities.
2. Mitochondria: Produces energy through cellular respiration.
3. Golgi apparatus: Modifies and packages proteins.
1. Nucleus: The nucleus controls the cell by storing DNA instructions. It affects cell growth, reproduction, and metabolism by regulating gene expression.
2. Mitochondria: Cellular respiration powers mitochondria. They convert foods into cell energy source ATP. Metabolism and cell signalling depend on mitochondria.
3. Golgi apparatus: It changes and packages endoplasmic reticulum proteins and lipids. Cisternae are stacked membranous sacs. The Golgi apparatus adds carbohydrates or lipids to proteins, organises them into vesicles, and guides them within or outside the cell. It is crucial for intracellular transport and secretion.
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nucleus: controls cell
cell membrane: controls what goes in and out of a cell
cytoplasm: where chemical reactions take place
(3) The first ionization energy decreases and the electronegativity increases.
(4) The first ionization energy increases and the electronegativity decreases.
The correct statement regarding the first ionization energy and electronegativity values in group 15 is as follows:
Further Explanation:
The amount of energy needed for the removal of the most loosely bound electron from a neutral isolated gaseous atom is termed as ionization energy, represented by IE. It depends on the ease of electron removal from the neutral atoms. If the electrons are removed easily, ionization energy will be less and vice-versa.
Ionization energy is called the first ionization energy when the first electron is removed from the atom. It is shown by . Similarly, if the second electron is removed, ionization energy becomes the second ionization energy .
The tendency of any element for electron attraction towards itself in a chemical bond is known as electronegativity. More the attracting tendency of the atom for electron, higher will be its electronegativity and vice-versa.
Atomic number and number of shells increase while going down group 15. Due to this, atomic size increases in the group from top to bottom. This increase in size results in weaker attractions between the outermost electrons and the atomic nucleus. So electrons are removed easily and therefore the first ionization energy decreases down this group.
Since atomic size increases from top to bottom of group 15, the attraction between the atomic nucleus and the electrons decreases. Therefore electronegativity also decreases down this group.
Therefore both the first ionization energy and electronegativity decrease down group 15.
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Answer details:
Grade: Senior School
Chapter: Periodic classification of elements
Subject: Chemistry
Keywords: ionization energy, first ionization energy, electronegativity, attraction, group 15, decrease.
Verbal and non-verbal
Quiet and loud
Simple and complex
Answer : Verbal and non-verbal communication wad used by Investigators in the past when trying to determine if someone was lying.
Explanation: In the Verbal communication information is transferred from one person to other by speaking.
Non-verbal communication includes Facial expressions , eye contact , body language, eyes blinking etc.
If someone is lying he or she will easily dermined by applying above things.
B.producer → herbivore → carnivore
C.herbivore → producer → carnivore
D.carnivore → herbivore → producer