The Knights of Labor and the American Federation of Labor (AFL) were two organizations that championed the interests of workers between 1875 and 1925. The Knights of Labor aimed to unite all workers, but internal divisions and loss of public support led to their decline. In contrast, the AFL focused on organizing skilled workers and achieved significant success through negotiations with employers.
Knights of Labor: The Knights of Labor was founded in 1869 and aimed to unite all workers, regardless of skill or occupation. They advocated for an eight-hour workday, equal pay for women, and the abolition of child labor. While they experienced initial success, such as the successful 1886 Haymarket Riot in Chicago, internal divisions and the loss of public support led to their decline by the early 20th century.
American Federation of Labor (AFL): Founded in 1886, the AFL focused on organizing skilled workers through craft unions. They sought improvements in working conditions, wages, and the right to collectively bargain. The AFL achieved significant success by negotiating with employers and securing better working conditions and higher wages for its members.
Socialist Party of America: Established in 1901, the Socialist Party aimed to achieve workers' rights through political and legislative means. They ran candidates for political offices and advocated for worker-centered policies such as unemployment insurance and public ownership of industries. While they gained some support and elected officials, they faced significant opposition in an era of anti-socialist sentiment and didn't achieve their ultimate objectives.
Industrial Workers of the World (IWW): Founded in 1905, the IWW embraced a radical approach to workers' rights, advocating for class struggle and the overthrow of capitalism. They organized workers across industries and demographics, including women and immigrants. While they faced repression from employers and the government, the IWW played a significant role in labor movements, particularly during strikes in industries like mining and agriculture. However, internal conflicts and government repression contributed to their decline after World War I.
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Answer:
14th
Explanation:
The 14th Amendment to the U.S. Constitution, ratified in 1868, granted citizenship to all persons born or naturalized in the United States—including former slaves—and guaranteed all citizens.
Answer: D) noting that firebombing had already caused extensive damage in Japan.
Close to the end of World War II, the United States detonated two nuclear weapons over Hiroshima (August 6, 1945) and Nagasaki (August 9, 1945), two Japanese cities. The United States dropped the bombs after obtaining the consent of the United Kingdom. The two bombings killed 129,000-226,000 people, mostly civilians.
Before the atomic bombs, the allies had already conducted many air raids on Japan. Strategic bombing raids began in June 1944 and continued until the end of the war. These attacks destroyed about 67 Japanese cities. These extensive attacks and the damage they had caused were some of the main arguments used by supporters of the atomic bomb.
However, during the planning of the nuclear attacks, the Air Forces were looking for cities that had not been damaged extensively by the raids, as they believed this would make the assessment of the damage more accurate.
b.The city was surrounded by water on three sides and heavily protected with stone walls, making it hard to penetrate.
c.The Byzantine Empire had an army that was considerably larger than the Ottoman army, making it difficult to conquer.
d.The Ottomans did not have access to heavy artillery, making it impossible to break through the city's walls.
Answer:
a.The city was surrounded by territory controlled by the Byzantine Empire, making it hard for the Ottomans to enter the city.
Explanation:
The Ottoman Empire began as one of the small Turkish states that emerged in Asia Minor during the decline of the Seljuk Empire. The Ottoman Turks gradually controlled the other Turkish states, survived the Mongol invasions and under the reign of Mehmed II (1451-1481) ended what was left of the Byzantine Empire. The first phase of the Ottoman expansion took place under the rule of Osman I (1288-1326) and continued in the reigns of Orkhan, Murad I and Beyazid I, at the expense of the territories of the Byzantine Empire, Bulgaria and Serbia. Bursa fell under his rule in 1326 and Adrianople in 1361. Ottoman victories in the Balkans alerted Western Europe about the danger that this Empire represented and were the central motive for the organization of the Hungarian Crusade of Sigismund. The site that the Ottomans put in Constantinople was broken thanks to Timur, leader of the Mongols, who took Beyazid prisoner in 1402, but Mongol control over the Ottomans lasted very little. Finally, the Ottoman Empire managed to conquer Constantinople in 1453.