Answer:Digestion in ruminant animals is a complex and highly specialized process that allows them to extract nutrients from plant material, such as cellulose and other complex carbohydrates, which are otherwise difficult to break down. Ruminants are a group of mammals that includes cattle, sheep, goats, deer, and giraffes. The key to their unique digestive system is the presence of a specialized stomach with four compartments: the rumen, reticulum, omasum, and abomasum.
Explanation:
Here's a step-by-step description of how digestion occurs in ruminant animals:
Ingestion: Ruminants graze on plant material, primarily grasses and leaves, which they consume as their primary source of food.
Prehension: The food is initially ingested and mixed with saliva in the mouth. This is a mechanical process that breaks down the food into smaller pieces.
Rumen Fermentation: The ingested food then enters the first and largest compartment of the stomach, the rumen. In the rumen, microorganisms, including bacteria, protozoa, and fungi, break down cellulose and other complex carbohydrates present in the plant material. This fermentation process produces volatile fatty acids and other byproducts.
Regurgitation and Re-chewing: After some time, the partially digested food is regurgitated back into the mouth in the form of a cud. Ruminants then re-chew the cud to further break down the food particles and mix it with more saliva. This process is known as rumination.
Passage to the Other Compartments: Once the food is adequately broken down and fermented in the rumen, it is passed on to the reticulum, omasum, and finally to the abomasum (true stomach) in sequence.
Omasum: The omasum is responsible for reducing the size of the food particles and absorbing some of the water from the digesta.
Abomasum: The abomasum is the equivalent of a monogastric (single-chambered stomach) like that of non-ruminant animals. Here, gastric juices and digestive enzymes are secreted to further break down proteins and other substances.
Absorption: The small intestine follows the abomasum, where most of the nutrient absorption takes place. This includes the absorption of sugars, amino acids, and fatty acids.
Further Digestion: Any remaining indigestible materials, such as cellulose, continue to be broken down by microbial fermentation in the cecum and colon.
Excretion: Finally, waste products are eliminated from the body through the rectum and anus.
The process of fermentation in the rumen and other compartments is crucial in extracting energy and nutrients from plant material, which would be indigestible to non-ruminant animals. Ruminants have evolved this unique digestive system to efficiently utilize fibrous plant materials as their primary food source.
NOTE: In RNA, the pentose sugar is ribose and not deoxyribose. RNA contains uracil in place of thymine.
See attached file for the table.
The answer is; student 1
The reason RNA is a ribose sugar is because it’s pentose rings have an H, rather than an OH in DNA, in their 2’ carbon. DNA has deoxyribose sugar in comparison. In addition, rather than having Thymine base (bases attach to the 1’ carbon in the rings), like in DNA, this base is replaced by Uracil (so Uracil binds complementarily to Adenine in RNA).
A very thin and long strand of cotton is called "cotton fiber."
Cotton fiber, often simply referred to as "fiber," is a natural material derived from the cotton plant's seed hairs. These fibers are exceedingly thin and can be exceptionally long, making them ideal for various applications in textiles and manufacturing. Cotton fibers are among the most widely used natural fibers globally due to their desirable characteristics, such as softness, breathability, and absorbency.
Cotton fibers are typically extracted from cotton bolls, the protective capsules that contain the seeds of the cotton plant. These fibers are made up of cellulose, a complex carbohydrate that gives cotton its strength and durability. The individual cotton fibers can vary in length but are generally quite long compared to other natural fibers, measuring between 1 to 2.5 inches on average. This length is crucial for spinning into yarn and weaving into fabrics.
Cotton fibers are essential in the textile industry, where they are spun into yarns and then woven or knitted into a wide range of products, including clothing, bed linens, and towels. The softness and breathability of cotton make it a preferred choice for comfort wear. Additionally, cotton fibers can be used in non-textile applications, such as in the production of paper, medical supplies, and even some food products.
In summary, a "very thin and long strand of cotton" is referred to as a "cotton fiber," and these fibers play a vital role in numerous industries, especially textiles and manufacturing.
Learn more about Cotton fiber
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Answer: cotton fibres.
Explanation:
Answer:
Column A
3. The non-use of drugs is helping with performance, as a sports player myself I know that if I used drugs there would be problems with my performance in terms of cardio; drugs can make you overdose, have concussions, hallucinations, and it can damage lungs, liver, hear, which will stop you from being able to perform well or even play at all. These can be caused by steroids which can damage your insides.
Column B
2. The use of drugs is definitely affecting the student because he could be hallucinating or having trouble with anxiety because drugs can cause anxiety, making it impossible to concentrate and allowing your brain to have trouble in performing in the way it needs to help you in school.
Answer: The most likely subject to be studied by a biologist is Biology. Biology as a subject is multi-disciplinary subject which means it includes all the parts related to both plants and animals. This includes zoology, botany, biochemistry, immunology, and many more. A biologist has all the information related to the metabolism of plants and animals. The growth, development, reproduction and some other issues related to animals and plants are looked after by the biologist.
Latitude
The principal characteristic that differentiates temperate and tropical rain-forests is latitude.