Snakes, dogs, and humans have a vertebral column. Snakes and dogs have tails, and humans have vestigial tailbones. Dogs and humans have limbs, but snakes do not. Most reptiles lay eggs, but a few give birth to live young. What do these structures suggest about the evolutionary pattern between the three organisms?

Answers

Answer 1

Answer:

Answer:

The vertebral column and vestigial tailbones suggest a common evolutionary pattern among snakes, dogs, and humans, while the presence of limbs in dogs and humans but not in snakes highlights further diversification in their evolutionary paths.

Explanation:

The presence of a vertebral column in all three organisms suggests a common ancestry and evolutionary pattern. While snakes and dogs have tails, humans have vestigial tailbones that indicate a reduced or non-functional tail. This reflects an evolutionary change over time, where humans have lost their tails but still retain a remnant of the ancestral structure. Additionally, the presence of limbs in dogs and humans, but not in snakes, suggests further diversity and modification in the evolutionary patterns of these organisms.

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Explanation:

To understand this answer, we have to go back to a process called protein synthesis which occurs in the ribosome of a cell. To make the proteins, transcription of DNA to mRNA first occurs in the nucleus. A process called translation then occurs which is just reading the mRNA to understand the message it contains. mRNA is usually single stranded and has bases that code for specific amino acids that build up proteins. Making the mRNA from DNA is the first phase of DNA synthesis called transcription. A strand of mRNA is created and complements the strand of DNA. For Example, if the DNA coding was GAC ACT GAC, the complementary mRNA will be CUG UGA CUG. C complements for G, U complements for A and G complements for C. UAGCT are nitrogenous bases or the nucleic acids found in RNA and DNA. Transcription is divided into initiation where an enzyme called RNA polymerase binds to the promoter region signaling the DNA to unwind to enable the enzyme RNA polymerase to read of the 2 strands that make the DNA. Elongation is the second step where nucleotides are added the strand of mRNA with the complementary bases. Termination is the last step and the mRNA strand that complements the DNA is fully completes so it cuts away from the DNA. Translation of the mRNA then occurs so that a protein can be made. The mRNA leaves the nucleus and enters into the ribosome that reads the codons in the mRNA and molecules of tRNA carry amino acids into the ribosome according to how the codons of mRNA are arranged. In end, when the ribosomes translate to the terminating codon, the process of translation ends and a protein is made with amino acids arranged in the correct sequence.

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Level: High School

Subject: Biology

Topic: The cell

Option (C) The structure of protein isdetermined by nucleic acids is correct answer.

Further Explanation:

The protein is an elongated chain of amino acids that are a necessary part of all living organisms. Protein is the basic structural element of body tissues such as muscles, hair, etc. nucleic acids are macromolecules that store genetic data and modify protein production. Proteins are classified as primary, secondary, tertiary and quaternary proteins according to the types of bonds present in the structure as well as its complexity.

Deoxyribonucleicacid and ribonucleicacid are the nucleic acids composed of nucleotides. The DNA present within the cell's nucleus transcribes itself to make RNA and the RNA translates to make a protein. Carbohydrates are the primary supply of energy within the body. Nucleic acids are nowhere involved in providing energy to the body. The nucleic acids (RNA and DNA) carry the genetic data in an organism. The nucleic acids are made up of nucleotides thymine, adenine, cytosine, uracil, and guanine. Twenty amino acids randomly made up the protein. Some examples of amino acids are alanine, glycine, proline, glutamine, tyrosine, etc. So, the subunits of nucleic acids don't seem to be the subunits of proteins.

Thus, the nucleic acids determine the structure of proteins formed.

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Answer Details:

Grade: High School

Subject: Biology

Chapter: Molecular basis of inheritance.

Keywords:

Nucleotides, adenine, guanine, cytosine, thymine, uracil, amino acids, alanine, glycine, proline, DNA, RNA, central dogma of molecular biology, translation, transcription.

16. Which endocrine gland is responsible for the release of a hormone that stimulates T-cell development and proper immune response in children? A. Thymus B. Testes C. Pancreas D. Adrenal Glands

Answers

The correct answer is a. Hope that helps!

When scientists analyze a rock for its age they are able to determine what events occurred and how it affected life. What do scientists deduce from this? A. determine which fossils are more dense B. determine soil settling rates on earth C. that life on earth has stayed the same D. over time life on earth has changed

Answers

Geologists use two techniques to date rock layers. The first technique is called "relative dating." If one layer of rock lies above another, we can regard the upper layer as younger, particularly when the layers are relatively horizontal and do not show faulting. When one finds layers at an angle, especially at a sharp angle, one can regard the formation as due to shifts in the earth that occurred after the layers were deposited. When one sees that one kind of rock cuts across layers of other kinds of rock, one can regard the intruding rock material as younger. Rock material enclosed in another kind of rock material can be regarded as older than the enclosing material.
Relative dating is basically studying the layers of rock exposed at a site and making common-sense inferences about how the layers could have been formed so as to produce the layering one sees.

Relative dating does not allow one to assign a numerical age to a rock formation.

Radiometric dating does allow estimation of a numerical age for a rock formation. To carry out radiometric dating, one studies the quantities of specific isotopes of radioactive elements relative to the specific isotopes of the elements into which the radioactive elements decay. For example, uranium 235 decays into lead 207. We know the half-life of uranium 235. So, if we find that the amount of U-235 is equal to the amount of lead 207, we can regard the rock as being about as old as the half-life of uranium, which we know to be on the order of 700 million years. In other words, when the rock we're studying solidified, the uranium was captured within it. The uranium then turned into lead at a known rate, which also remained captured in the solid rock until we came along and examined it. Knowing the rate allows us to calculate the length of time the uranium has been sitting in the rock.

Needless to say, the actual process involved in applying this concept has its complexities. However, this is the basis of the procedure. By examining large numbers of rock formations, using both relative and radiometric dating, we can work out the patterns that govern the formation of rock layers. By comparing large numbers of sites to each other, we can learn to see that the rocks at one site have the same characteristics as the rocks at another site. Just as we learn to estimate the ages of people by indirect means, such as skin texture, hair color, posture, voice, and even attitude, we learn to recognize that at a given site, the rock layers show the same characteristics as other rock layers of known age. We can thereby infer the age of rock layers at a site where something prevents us from analyzing the rocks directly.

Fossils found in rocks can be useful for determining the age of rocks. From a variety of sources quite independent of rock geology, we know how old some fossils are. When we find such fossils in rock, we can use the fossils as a clue to the age of the rock. In like manner, when we find fossils of unknown age embedded in rock of known age, we can infer the age of the fossils. Of course, as anyone with common sense would realize, we cannot determine both the age of a fossil and the age of the rock around it from each other. We have to compare both specimens to other specimens of known age, and apply, if possible, techniques such as radiometric dating to determine the age of the material we're examining.

Answer:

Explanation:

How worn out and weatherd the rocks are inside and outside the rock!

So far scientists have not found a way to determine the exact age of the Earth directly from Earth rocks because Earth's oldest rocks have been recycled and destroyed by the process of plate tectonics. If there are any of Earth's primordial rocks left in their original state, they have not yet been found. Nevertheless, scientists have been able to determine the probable age of the Solar System and to calculate an age for the Earth by assuming that the Earth and the rest of the solid bodies in the Solar System formed at the same time and are, therefore, of the same age. The ages of Earth and Moon rocks and of meteorites are measured by the decay of long-lived radioactive isotopes of elements that occur naturally in rocks and minerals and that decay with half lives of 700 million to more than 100 billion years to stable isotopes of other elements. These dating techniques, which are firmly grounded in physics and are known collectively as radiometric dating, are used to measure the last time that the rock being dated was either melted or disturbed sufficiently to re homogenize its radioactive elements.

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Phospholipids provide the specific functions of the plasma membrane. True or false?