For the given 4×4 gray level image below: Filter the image by a) 3×3 average filter using zero padding b) Laplacian filter with the given mask w d
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Answer:

Step-by-step explanation:

a) To filter the given 4x4 gray level image with a 3x3 average filter using zero padding, follow these steps:

1. Apply zero padding to the image by adding an extra layer of zeros around the edges. This ensures that the filter can be applied to all pixels, including those at the image borders.

2. Place the 3x3 average filter over each pixel in the image, centered on that pixel.

3. Multiply the corresponding filter coefficients with the pixel values within the filter region and sum them up.

4. Divide the sum by the total number of coefficients in the filter (which is 3x3 = 9 in this case) to get the average value.

5. Replace the original pixel value with the computed average value.

6. Repeat steps 2-5 for all pixels in the image.

b) To filter the given 4x4 gray level image with the Laplacian filter using the given mask:

1. Place the Laplacian filter mask over each pixel in the image, centered on that pixel.

2. Multiply the corresponding mask coefficients with the pixel values within the filter region and sum them up.

3. Replace the original pixel value with the computed sum.

4. Repeat steps 1-3 for all pixels in the image.

The resulting image will be the filtered output, where each pixel has been modified according to the chosen filter method.