Answer:
Stress and strain are fundamental concepts in materials mechanics, a branch of engineering that deals with the behavior of materials under various forces. Let's explore the difference between stress and strain and their relationship:
**Stress**:
Stress is a measure of the internal resistance within a material to external forces or loads applied to it. It's the force per unit area and is represented in units of pressure (N/m² or Pascals). Stress can be categorized into different types based on the nature of the force and deformation:
- **Tensile Stress**: The force that elongates or stretches a material along its axis.
- **Compressive Stress**: The force that compresses or shortens a material along its axis.
- **Shear Stress**: The force that causes one layer of a material to slide over an adjacent layer.
**Strain**:
Strain is a measure of the deformation or change in shape that occurs in a material as a result of stress. It's typically expressed as a dimensionless ratio and is often given as a percentage change in length. Strain is a measure of how much a material has deformed under the applied stress.
**Relationship between Stress and Strain**:
The relationship between stress and strain is described by the material's mechanical properties, specifically its elastic modulus (also known as Young's modulus or stiffness). The elastic modulus represents how much a material will deform under a given stress. The formula relating stress (σ) and strain (ε) is given by:
```
σ = E × ε
```
where:
- σ is the stress
- E is the elastic modulus
- ε is the strain
In other words, the stress applied to a material is directly proportional to the strain it experiences. This relationship holds within the material's elastic limit, where deformation is temporary and reversible. Beyond the elastic limit, the material might experience permanent deformation or failure.
Understanding the stress-strain relationship is crucial for designing structures and materials that can withstand various loads and forces without failing. Engineers use this knowledge to ensure that materials are used safely and effectively in applications ranging from buildings and bridges to automotive components and medical devices.
Explanation:
Answer:
In materials mechanics, stress and strain are fundamental concepts that describe the behavior of materials under applied forces. They are closely related but represent different aspects of how materials respond to external loads. Here's the difference between stress and strain and how they are related:
**Stress:**
- Stress is a measure of the internal resistance within a material to deform when subjected to an external force.
- It is defined as the force applied per unit area of the material's cross-sectional area.
- Stress is expressed in units of force divided by area, such as pascals (Pa) or newtons per square meter (N/m²).
- There are different types of stress, including normal stress (acting perpendicular to the surface) and shear stress (acting parallel to the surface).
**Strain:**
- Strain is a measure of the deformation that occurs in a material due to the applied stress.
- It is defined as the change in dimension (length, area, or volume) divided by the original dimension of the material.
- Strain is a dimensionless quantity, often expressed as a ratio or a percentage.
- There are different types of strain, including axial strain (related to length change), shear strain (related to shape change), and volumetric strain (related to volume change).
**Relationship between Stress and Strain:**
The relationship between stress and strain is described by a material's mechanical properties, specifically its **elastic modulus** or **Young's modulus** (E). This modulus represents the stiffness of the material and defines how it responds to stress by undergoing strain. The relationship is expressed by **Hooke's Law**:
Stress (σ) = Elastic Modulus (E) × Strain (ε)
In linear elastic behavior, where the material returns to its original shape after the load is removed, stress and strain are directly proportional within the material's elastic limit. This linear relationship is characterized by Hooke's Law. However, when stress exceeds the material's elastic limit, the relationship between stress and strain becomes nonlinear, and the material undergoes permanent deformation or plasticity.
In summary, stress represents the force per unit area applied to a material, while strain represents the resulting deformation. The relationship between stress and strain defines the mechanical behavior of a material, and this relationship is described by the material's elastic modulus.
Explanation:
The race was boring to watch.
That cyclist deserves to become famous.
All of the bicycle racers wore helmets.
The racers wore blue shirts.
Bicycle racing is the best sport.
Forty cyclists competed in the race statements are objective.
A goal is something you intend to accomplish. A mission's overall strategy is known as a military objective. To raise money is the goal of a bake sale.
You have achieved your goal if it was to learn a new term. The purpose of something is its objective. You won't know what you were expected to learn if you don't comprehend the course objective.
The word itself is frequently used in professional settings. The definition of "objective" in another language is "looking at things in a detached, impartial, fact-based way." It could be difficult for a police officer to remain impartial if she develops feelings for a witness.
Therefore, Forty cyclists competed in the race statements are objective.
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1, 4, and 5 are the right answers
Answer:
What book chu talking about?
Explanation:
A protagonist is a key character in a story. The protagonist usually is the character that the writer uses to buttress the theme of the story.
The protagonist in any novel, poem, play, or movie is the center of all the actions in such literature.
The protagonist thus influences all the key actions and his or her decisions impact the movement of the plot but especially as well as its outcome.
Note that the short story referenced is unavailable hence the general answer.
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The protagonist Susan in 'Hamadi' decides to appreciate and support Hamadi's eccentricities, which reshapes her perspective on life and influences her subsequent decisions.
In the short story Hamadi, the protagonist Susan makes the important decision to side with Hamadi, an eccentric old man, in their mutual quest for understanding and expression against the imposed societal norms. Susan chooses to appreciate Hamadi's quirky ways and his yearning to savour every precious moment of life. This decision vastly shapes the trajectory of the narrative and Susan's disposition towards societal norms. For instance, her choice to support Hamadi allows her to see beyond the monotonous structure of life and experience it from a different perspective, thereby influencing her own decisions and actions in the future. By making this decision, she also paves the way for her personal growth as the story progresses.
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b. The fur trade was the only way that families could make enough acquaintances to attend the celebration.
c. It was very expensive to construct and raise a totem pole.