The movement of chloride ions out of a cell by the CFTR receptor involves a reaction coupled with the hydrolysis of ATP.
Step 1: The CFTR (Cystic Fibrosis Transmembrane Conductance Regulator) receptor utilizes active transport to move chloride ions out of a cell. This process involves a reaction coupled with the hydrolysis of ATP (adenosine triphosphate).
ATP is a molecule that stores and provides energy for cellular processes. In this context, ATP is used to fuel the active transport of chloride ions against their concentration gradient.
Step 2: Active transport mechanisms like the CFTR receptor require energy to move substances against their natural direction of movement. In this case, the hydrolysis of ATP provides the necessary energy for the movement of chloride ions out of the cell.
ATP is enzymatically broken down into ADP (adenosine diphosphate) and inorganic phosphate, releasing energy that drives the active transport process.
This coupling of the reaction with ATP hydrolysis ensures that the movement of chloride ions is achieved against the concentration gradient, maintaining cellular homeostasis and contributing to various physiological processes.
Understanding these cellular mechanisms is vital for comprehending how cells regulate ion concentrations and maintain proper functioning.
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The CFTR receptor facilitates the active transport of chloride ions out of a cell, coupling this process with the hydrolysis of ATP. The correct option is A.
This means that as chloride ions are moved against their concentration gradient, the energy released from ATP hydrolysis powers the transport. This mechanism ensures efficient ion movement and is essential for maintaining proper ion balance in various tissues, such as the respiratory epithelia.
It's not an equilibrium process, as it requires constant energy input. Moreover, it's not a reduction or oxidation reaction, but rather a prime example of active transport coupled with ATP hydrolysis for cellular energy utilization. The correct option is A.
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personality
RNA
parents
b. Zygote
c. Meristem cell
b. has a genome made of RNA.
c. has the simplest of all protein coats.
d. was discovered before any other virus.
How is the virus reproduced during the lysogenic cycle?
a. through reproduction of the host cell
b. by using viral enzymes to reproduce viral DNA
c. by using the cell's enzymes to reproduce viral DNA
d. by breaking the cell open and releasing new viruses
Ans. (b). has a genome made of RNA.
Retroviruses are viruses with RNA molecules as their genome. They insert a copy of their RNA genome into the host cell DNA and change the cell genome. These viruses are generally known as single-stranded positive-sense (+ strand) RNA viruses.
Examples: Human immunodeficiency virus and hepatitis B virus.
Thus, the correct answer is option (b).
Ans. (a). through reproduction of the host cell.
Lysogenic life cycle is a virus reproductive cycle that involves integration of viral nucleic acid into host's genome or formation of a replicon in host's cytoplasm.
The host cells (bacterial cells) remain alive and reproduce normally, so thus, viruses reproduce through the reproduction of host (bacterial cells).
Thus, the correct answer is option (a).
b. The fish would swell.
c. Water would move out of the fish by osmosis.
d. Water would be pumped out of the fish.