Answer: A carbon-zinc battery, often referred to as a standard zinc-carbon battery or just zinc-carbon battery, is a type of primary cell that has been popular for many years due to its simplicity and low cost. Here's a basic outline of the typical structure of a carbon-zinc battery:
Explanation:
Outer Casing (Container):
Typically made of zinc, which also serves as the anode of the battery.
The casing can be cylindrical for standard AA, AAA, C, D cells, or can be rectangular for 9V batteries and other shapes.
Anode (Zinc Container):
The zinc container itself acts as the anode.
When the battery is discharged, the zinc anode oxidizes to form zinc chloride.
Cathode:
Consists of a mix of carbon (often in the form of graphite) and manganese dioxide (MnO₂).
The central carbon rod, typically referred to as the "current collector", is surrounded by the manganese dioxide mixture.
The carbon rod helps channel electrons from the cathode to the external circuit.
Electrolyte:
A paste made up of ammonium chloride (NH₄Cl) or zinc chloride (ZnCl₂) in water.
This paste facilitates the flow of ions inside the battery, completing the internal circuit.
Separator:
Positioned between the anode and the cathode, it prevents them from directly contacting each other, which would result in a short circuit.
It allows the movement of ions and thereby plays an essential role in the battery's electrochemical process.
Cap and Seal:
The top cap is usually made of brass or another conductive material and serves as the battery's positive terminal.
A seal is used to ensure the electrolyte and other components are kept inside, and to prevent external contaminants from entering the battery.
This battery type, while inexpensive, tends to have a shorter life and lower energy density compared to other primary cell types like alkaline batteries. Furthermore, carbon-zinc batteries are more prone to leakage than their alkaline counterparts.
A carbon-zinc battery consists of three main parts: a zinc anode which undergoes oxidation, a carbon cathode which aids reduction, and an electrolyte of ammonium or zinc chloride which transfers ions.
A typical carbon-zinc battery, also known as a Leclanché cell, consists mainly of three components: a zinc anode (the negative terminal), a carbon rod as the cathode (the positive terminal), and an electrolyte composed of ammonium chloride or zinc chloride.
The zinc anode is the zinc can that makes up the body of the battery. When the battery is in use, oxidation occurs at the anode, with zinc losing electrons to form zinc ions.
The carbon rod, which is usually surrounded by a mixture of manganese dioxide and carbon black, acts as the cathode. It facilitates the reduction reaction when the battery is in use.
The electrolyte, typically a paste of ammonium or zinc chloride, serves as a means for the transfer of ions between the anode and cathode.
Therefore, the traditional structure of a carbon-zinc battery consists of a zinc can acting as the anode, a carbon cathode surrounded by a mixture of manganese dioxide and carbon black, and an electrolyte paste in between.
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A sample of seawater has a mass of 158g and a volume of 156mL. its density is 1.012 g/mL.
According to the question the data are given is as follows:
volume of sea water = 156 mL
mass of sea water = 158 g
density of sea water can be calculated by the following formula :
D = M / V
where,
D = density
M = mass of sample
V = volume of sample
substituting all the value in the given formula , we get :
D = 158 g / 156 mL = 1.012 g/mL
Density of seawater = 1.012 g / mL
Thus, A sample of seawater has a mass of 158g and a volume of 156mL. its density is 1.012 g/mL .
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