What was the response of Congress toward Lincoln's Reconstruction plan of forgive and forget? It passed the Johnson-Sherman bill. Congress tried to impeach Lincoln. It passed the Wade-Davis bill. Congress forced him to retract his idea..

The Muslims have always won the crusades. The Christians have lost every crusade.

Final answer:

The criollos, people of Spanish descent born in the New World, primarily sparked the independence movement in Mexico. Influenced by European Enlightenment ideals and discontent with Spanish rule, they led a revolutionary movement later joined by mestizos and other lower castes.

Explanation:

The independence movement in Mexico was predominantly sparked by the criollos, who were people of Spanish descent born in the New World. The criollos were inspired by the Enlightenment ideas in Europe and were discontent with the Spanish rule, particularly because they were treated as second-class citizens compared to the peninsulares, who were Spanish-born. Their dissatisfaction led to the formation of a revolutionary movement led by figures like Miguel Hidalgo and José María Morelos, who ignited the fight for Mexican independence.

Although the mestizos (individuals of mixed Indigenous and European-descent) and other lower castes joined the movement, they were primarily following the leadership of the criollos. Therefore, it's accurate to say the criollos kindled the flame of the independence movement in Mexico.

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