The Federal Reserve uses its policy tools to carry out monetary policy, which largely affects employment and inflation. Yet regardless of how it may sound, it usually comes down to changing the amount of money available in the market to produce a particular level of inflation.
The Fed increases interest rates to reduce aggregate demand and slow the flow of money through the economy. Higher interest rates will result in less demand for products and services, which should result in reduced prices for those things and services.
She warned before of the Fed meeting that it would continue to rapidly hike rates if inflation remained stubbornly high. According to this scenario, housing prices could increase to 8% or more in the latter part of 2022 and the beginning of 2023.
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Answer:
1. Which firm has a greater FCF (free cash flow)?
2. What is firm A’s (annual) tax shield?
3. What is firm B’s (annual) tax shield?
Explanation:
since firm A's debt is $20, its value is $100, then its equity = $80
since firm B's debt is $80, its value is $100, then its equity = $20
Firm A's cash flow = (EBIT - interest expense) x (1 - tax rate) = [$10 - ($20 x 10%)] x 0.6 = $4.80
Firm B's cash flow = (EBIT - interest expense) x (1 - tax rate) = [$10 - ($80 x 10%)] x 0.6 = $1.20
Firm A's annual tax shield = taxable interest x tax rate = ($20 x 10%) x 40% = $0.80
Firm B's annual tax shield = taxable interest x tax rate = ($80 x 10%) x 40% = $3.20
Firm B has a greater FCF compared to Firm A. Firm A has a tax shield of $0, and Firm B has a tax shield of $3.2.
1. Firm B has a greater Free Cash Flow (FCF) compared to Firm A. FCF is calculated as EBIT(1-TC) + TC(D-RD), and in this case, Firm B has a higher outstanding debt which leads to a higher tax shield, resulting in a greater FCF for Firm B.
2. Firm A's annual tax shield can be calculated by subtracting the debt payments from the earnings before interest and taxes (EBIT) and then multiplying the result by the tax rate. In this case, the annual tax shield for Firm A is $0, as the interest expense is greater than the taxable income.
3. Firm B's annual tax shield can be calculated in the same way as Firm A's. In this case, the annual tax shield for Firm B is $3.2. This is because the debt payments are lower than the taxable income and result in a tax shield.
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Answer:
Blume's formula combines the geometric and arithmetic means of an asset to be able to predict its returns in a given period.
The formula is;
= Geometric Mean*(T-1)/(N-1) + Arithmatic Mean *(N-T)/(N-1)
Where;
T = Period in question
N = Total period
10 years
= 8.3%*(10-1)/(90-1) + 10.3%*(90-10)/(90-1)
= 10.1 %
25 years
= 8.3%*(25-1)/(90-1) + 10.3%*(90-25)/(90-1)
= 9.76%
30 years
= 8.3%*(30-1)/(90-1) + 10.3%*(90-30)/(90-1)
= 9.65%
Answer:
Proportion of Kohl's Corporation financed by non-owners = approximately 61.9%
Explanation:
The formula used for calculating the proportion financed by non-owners is given as:
Proportion of Kohl's Corporation financed by non-owners = liabilities / total assets
As total assets in the annual report of Kohl's Corporation = $13,574
and total liabilities in the annual report of Kohl's Corporation = $ 8,397
therefore by putting the values in the above formula, we get
Proportion of Kohl's Corporation financed by non-owners = 8397 / 13574
Proportion of Kohl's Corporation financed by non-owners = 0.6186
Converting this result to the percentage, we get
Proportion = 0.6186 * 100
Proportion of Kohl's Corporation financed by non-owners = 61.86%
or approximately 61.9%
Answer:
Objective Theory
Explanation:
The Objective theory states that the intent to form a contract will be judged by outward objective facts such as the words and actions of the party instead of the secret, subjective intentions. This theory replaced the Subjective theory in the late nineteenth century. The former theory was of the opinion that the meeting of minds, which translates to the unexpressed intentions of the party would form a basis for interpreting the intent to form a contract.
The objective theory is important as it advocates freedom to a fair hearing, freedom of contract, and personal independence or sovereignty.
Answer:
10.9 per unit
Explanation:
Total manufacturing cost per unit= Material cost per unit + Conversion cost per unit
Material Cost per Unit= Total materials cos / Equivalent units of materials
Material cost per unit = 55000 / 10000 = 5.5
Conversion cost per unit = Total conversion costs / Equivalent units of conversion costs
Conversion cost per unit = 81,000 / 15000 = 5.4
Hence, Total manufacturing cost per unit = 5.5 +5.4 = 10.9 per unit
1. Predetermined Overhead Rate ≈ $160.27
2. Hourly Billing Rate for Tara ≈ $245.73
(1) To compute the predetermined overhead rate, we need to calculate the total cost of services (salary plus overhead) for both appraisers and then divide it by the total billable hours.
Total Overhead Costs = $378,210
Total Salary Costs = Salary of Debbie + Salary of Tara = $150,000 + $81,000
= $231,000
Total Billable Hours = Billable hours of Debbie + Billable hours of Tara
= 2,000 + 1,800
= 3,800
Predetermined Overhead Rate = (Total Overhead Costs + Total Salary Costs) / Total Billable Hours
Predetermined Overhead Rate = ($378,210 + $231,000) / 3,800
Predetermined Overhead Rate = $609,210 / 3,800
Predetermined Overhead Rate ≈ $160.27 (rounded to 2 decimal places)
(2) To compute the hourly billing rate for Debbie and Tara, we'll use the formula:
Hourly Billing Rate = (Total Cost of Services + 20% Markup) / Total Billable Hours
For Debbie:
Total Cost of Services for Debbie = Salary of Debbie + (Predetermined Overhead Rate × Billable hours of Debbie)
Total Cost of Services for Debbie = $150,000 + ($160.27 × 2,000)
Total Cost of Services for Debbie = $470,540.00
Hourly Billing Rate for Debbie = ($470,540.00 + 0.20 × $470,540.00) / 2,000
Hourly Billing Rate for Debbie ≈ $282.32 (rounded to 2 decimal places)
For Tara:
Total Cost of Services for Tara = Salary of Tara + (Predetermined Overhead Rate × Billable hours of Tara)
Total Cost of Services for Tara = $81,000 + ($160.27 × 1,800)
Total Cost of Services for Tara = $369,486.00
Hourly Billing Rate for Tara = ($369,486.00 + 0.20 × $369,486.00) / 1,800
Hourly Billing Rate for Tara ≈ $245.73 (rounded to 2 decimal places)
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The predetermined overhead rate is found to be 163.77%, and the hourly billing rates for Debbie and Tara (including a 20% markup) are $237.40 and $142.44, respectively.
To calculate the predetermined overhead rate, we need to divide the total overhead costs by the total salary costs of both appraisers. In this case:
Total Overhead Costs = $378,210
Total Salary Costs = Debbie's Salary ($150,000) + Tara's Salary ($81,000) = $231,000
Predetermined Overhead Rate = Total Overhead Costs / Total Salary Costs = $378,210 / $231,000 = 1.6377 or 163.77%
To calculate the hourly billing rate for each appraiser, you add their salary cost per hour, the overhead cost per hour, and then mark up the total cost by 20%. For Debbie:
Debbie's Salary per Hour = $150,000 / 2,000 hours = $75
Debbie's Overhead per Hour = 1.6377 × $75 = $122.83
Total Cost per Hour for Debbie = $75 + $122.83 = $197.83
Hourly Billing Rate for Debbie (with 20% markup) = Total Cost per Hour × 1.20 = $197.83 × 1.20 = $237.40
Similarly, for Tara:
Tara's Salary per Hour = $81,000 / 1,800 hours = $45
Tara's Overhead per Hour = 1.6377 × $45 = $73.70
Total Cost per Hour for Tara = $45 + $73.70 = $118.70
Hourly Billing Rate for Tara (with 20% markup) = Total Cost per Hour × 1.20 = $118.70 × 1.20 = $142.44