b. The Delaware Plan
c. The New Jersey Plan
d. The Connecticut Plan
The correct answer is "an immediate withdraw from Vietnam".
President Nixon did not suggest an immediate withdrawal from the troops in Vietnam, but he rather started a gradual retreat from troops in a plan he called "The Nixon Doctrine". This plan proposed that American troops would train Vietnamese locals in methods of warfare in order for them to continue with the war while the US would simultaneously be withdrawing troops. A process that would be known as "Vietnamization".
b. by discovering that electricity could be harnessed as an energy source
c. by developing a system for mining coal to be used in factories
d. by developing a less expensive process for turning iron into steel
Answer:
d. by developing a less expensive process for turning iron into steel
Explanation:
Henry Bessemer was an engineer, foundry of types of printing, pioneer of the modern iron and steel industry, and inventor of the steel refining process that bears his name (the Bessemer Process, which is applied in the Thomas-Bessemer furnaces of the steel industry).
During the Crimean War he invented a very effective artillery projectile, however military technicians reported that the cast iron cannons of the time were not able to withstand the force of this new projectile.
Bessemer focused on resolving the issue and thus, in 1855, he patented a process of refining and reducing iron to produce steel in industrial quantities at low cost. The procedure was to blow pressurized air into the bottom of the ladle where the pig iron was being poured. The air reacts its oxygen with silicon, then carbon, followed by phosphorus, which are iron impurities in the foundry. The reaction of oxygen and silicon is highly exothermic, which made the metal continue melting without spending more fuel. The air is injected under pressure through the bottom of the container that has the shape of an open spoon, and stops until a red flame arises, which indicates the oxidation of the iron.
Over time the open spoon was replaced by the open oval spoon on the upper surface, mechanism still known as Bessemer converter. Currently the Bessemer process is in decline replaced by his heirs; Linde or LD processes of blowing pure oxygen pressure.
The impact of this invention, in the context of the Industrial Revolution, was immense. While the heavy industry was shipyards, railways, manufacturing machinery ...) an abundant and cheap raw material was achieved. The steel that was now available in large quantities made other achievements feasible. Thanks to Bessemer it was possible to see bigger, better and cheaper steel ships, bridges, major railways, skyscrapers, etc. In other words, everything that characterized the 19th century as the driving force of the 20th century.
Coal best describes where fossil fuels come from.
Known as Coal seams, coal is a combustible sedimentary rock that is black or brownish-black in color. With varying proportions of additional elements, primarily hydrogen, sulfur, oxygen, and nitrogen, coal is mostly composed of carbon.
Over millions of years, heat and pressure from deep burial cause dead plant matter to decompose into peat, which then transforms into coal.
During the late Carboniferous and Permian periods, vast coal deposits—known as coal forests—occurred in the ancient marshes that formerly covered a large portion of the tropical landmasses of Earth.
Many large coal deposits, nevertheless, are from the Mesozoic and Cenozoic eras, which are much younger than this.
An extracted and burned fossil fuel is a hydrocarbon-containing substance that naturally originated in the earth's crust from the remains of extinct plants and animals. Coal, unrefined oil, and natural gas are the three primary fossil fuels.
Fossil fuels can be used to produce energy, power engines (like internal combustion engines in cars), or supply heat for direct use (like for cooking or heating).
Before being burned, some fossil fuels are processed to produce derivatives like kerosene, gasoline, and propane.
The anaerobic decomposition of buried deceased animals that contained organic molecules produced by photosynthesis is the source of fossil fuels.
The geological process that transforms these elements into high-carbon fossil fuels often takes millions of years.
To learn more about Fossil Fuels here
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