The plasma membrane has a double layer of phospholipids with proteins dispersed throughout these layers. These proteins perform several functions, including molecule transport, enzymatic functions, and signal transduction pathways.
The plasma membrane of cells has a structure commonly referred to as a lipid bilayer. This bilayer consists of two layers of phospholipids. Each layer with one hydrophobic (water-fearing) end and one hydrophilic (water-loving) end. These form a double layer as the hydrophobic ends of each layer face towards each other, while the hydrophilic ends face outwards towards the aqueous environments inside and outside the cell. Proteins are dispersed throughout this lipid bilayer. These proteins serve various functions such as acting as channels or carriers for the transportation of molecules across the membrane, acting as enzymes, or functioning in signal transduction pathways or cell adhesion.
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If neurotransmitter x remains in the synaptic cleft for a long time, the following outcomes are possible:
Prolonged depolarization: Continuous binding of the neurotransmitter to the receptor site of the ligand-gated sodium channel can cause prolonged depolarization of the postsynaptic membrane, leading to sustained neuronal signaling.
Desensitization: Prolonged exposure of the receptor site to the neurotransmitter can cause desensitization, where the receptor becomes unresponsive to the neurotransmitter, reducing the strength of the neuronal signal.
Reuptake: The neurotransmitter may be taken back up into the presynaptic neuron through reuptake transporters, reducing the concentration of the neurotransmitter in the synaptic cleft and reducing the strength of the neuronal signal.
Degradation: The neurotransmitter may be degraded by enzymes in the synaptic cleft, reducing the concentration of the neurotransmitter and the strength of the neuronal signal.
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B. Inflammation triggers the production of white blood cells
C.Inflammation drops the pH of blood
C.Inflammation raises the pH of blood
Answer:
The correct answer is option A. "Inflammation keeps harmful substances away from healthy cells".
Explanation:
Inflammation is a defense mechanism of the body that occurs as a result of tissue damage. Inflammation protects the body from infection and injury by keeping keeps harmful substances away from healthy cells. During inflammation the small branches of the arteries are enlarged and the capillaries allow the infiltration of fluids and proteins. This process isolates the injured region, protecting the healthy cells and promoting the immune response to act in the damaged region.
There will be the greatest similarity between members of species in terms of structure and function.
The similarity between organisms increases from kingdom to species, whereas number of similar characteristics decreases from species to kingdom so we can conclude that there will be the greatest similarity between members of species in terms of structure and function.
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Answer:
B) an increase in the number of other grazing animals
Explanation: