B: tissue culture.
C: bacterial plasmids.
D: in vitro fertilization.
Answer:
The correct answer would be C: bacterial plasmids.
In plants, genetic transformation is usually achieved with the help of bacterial plasmid, especially Ti plasmid.
Ti plasmid is a tumor-inducing plasmid generally present in Agrobacterium tumifaciens. This bacteria has a natural ability to infect plant cells and caused tumors or crown gall disease in them. It is also known as natural genetic engineering of plants.
The modified or non-virulent Ti plasmid is used to transfer the gene of interest in the plants.
C. bacterial plasmids.
WHO in 1996 stated that the emergence of various types of new chemicals, both those contained in GMO organisms and their products, could potentially cause new diseases or even be a triggering factor for other diseases. For example, aad genes contained in transgenic cotton can move to the bacteria that causes gonorrhea (GO), Neisseria gonorrhoeae.
So, plasmids are bacterial DNA that is separate from the bacterial chromosomes. Plasmids can replicate themselves. Plasmids also contain various genes. The type, number of types, and number of each type (copy) of plasmids vary between cells. Even between cells in one bacterial species.
Plasmids usually contain between 5 and 100 genes that are not needed for bacterial survival. Genes for normal growth, metabolism, and cell structure are on the main bacterial chromosome. As long as the bacteria are developing in a low-pressure environment, removing all plasmids will not affect the ability of the bacteria to survive.
The function of plasmids is as a carrier of non-essential properties for bacterial growth. Essential here means having a direct role in metabolism and all biological activities that support bacterial growth.
Generally, plasmids have genes that are resistant to antibiotics. Antibiotics themselves, as you know, do not always exist in the environment, so the existence of these genes is not essential.
Plasmid function is also a determinant of nomenclature or naming of plasmids.
Ti plasmid, for example, which is named according to the ability of the plasmid to induce tumors in plants, forms a crown gal while Pym is the gene responsible for the process of forming nodules of Rhizobium bacterial species in legumes.
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Details
Class: high school
Subject: Biology
Keywords: plants, bacterial, GMO
Answer:
Because of their importance in development in all animal phyla
Answer:
ATP.
Explanation:
Every organism needs energy for their survival and other metabolism of the cell. Some process requires energy in the form of different chemical molecules.
Adenosine triphosphate may be defined as the energy currency of the cell. The hydrolysis of ATP helps in the transportation of molecules and in the metabolism process of the body. ATP is used directly by the cell as an energy source.
Thus, the answer is ATP.
Cells primarily use Adenosine Triphosphate (ATP) as an energy source. This energy is derived from the breakdown of organic molecules such as sugars and fats. It is critical for all cellular functions, from building complex molecules to powering movement.
The molecule which is used by cells as an energy source is Adenosine Triphosphate (ATP). ATP stores and releases energy which is then used to fuel various cellular activities. It is synthesized (anabolism) by the cell to store energy, moved to the location where energy is needed, then broken down (catabolic pathway) to release a controlled amount of energy. This energy is primarily derived from the breakdown of complex organic molecules like sugars and fats.
Other energy-storing molecules, such as glucose (broken down to supply ATP), also play an integral part in cellular energy management. Complex carbohydrates like starch or glycogen, for instance, are broken down into glucose. Any work a cell needs to do, from building complex molecules and transporting materials to contracting muscle fibers, requires energy in the form of ATP molecules. To summarize, ATP serves as the main energy currency for cells, making it vital for all cellular functions.
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