Prior to the War to 1812, the British Navy engaged in impressment which meant that they B. forced American sailors to serve on British ships. Impressment is the taking of men into military or naval force by compulsion. It was very often practiced by the Royal Navy, that impressed many merchant soldiers. The impressment of American seamen provoked tension among the British and the Thirteen Colonies.
Rosa Parks refusal to give up her seat to a white male on a bus in Montgomery, Alabama during the 1950's helped spark the Montgomery Bus Boycott. African-American citizens all over the city refused to take public transporation until the policy of forcing blacks to sit in the back of the bus was changed. This action by Rosa Parks helped fuel this movement and resulted in the Montgomery bus companies to lose a significant amount of revenue. After roughly a year of boycotting, the city of Montgomery changed their policy.
19th century conservatives wanted to conserve and preserve the historic traditions of government and society. For societies like France and elsewhere on the continent of Europe, that meant going back to monarchs in control of government, as things had been before the French Revolution.
Liberals were those who favored liberty for individuals, with greater rights and freedoms. So the various answers that spoke of voting rights, elected parliaments, and democratic change -- those all were measures favored by liberals in the 19th century, not conservatives.
Nationalism was a 19th century movement that had the ability to attach itself to either conservative or liberal agendas. In France, feelings of national unity rallied the people to the cause of the French Republic as a liberal form of government. In Russia, on the other hand, nationalistic pride went hand-in-hand with staunchly conservative and autocratic forms of government. In the German states, liberals were the ones who first pushed to form a united German nation. However, it was a more conservative approach under Otto von Bismarck of Prussia that actually accomplished the unification of Germany. So nationalism can be associated with either liberal or conservative causes -- or both.
Socialism was another ideology with 19th century roots. Socialism believes members of a society are to contribute to each other's needs and provide help to one another. The earliest socialist efforts were somewhat small-sized communities or groups that lived and worked together cooperatively, such as the factory town reformed by Robert Owen at New Lanark, Scotland. In the modern world, socialism generally means national measures through taxes and government programs so that those with more resources in terms of private property provide aid to those less well off.