Answer:
The correct answer would be C) The genetic variation will increase.
Horizontal or lateral gene transfer refers to the transmission of genetic material between two different genomes which is distinguished from a transfer of genetic material from parent to the offspring that is, vertical gene transfer.
For example, transformation, transduction, and conjugation result in horizontal gene transfer in bacteria.
It increases genetic variation of the population and plays important role in adaptation as well as evolution.
Stored energy is called potential energy, and movement is called kinetic energy.
Answer: The stratum granulosum
Explanation: It is called the grainy layer because it contains keratin-filled granules
The 'grainy cells' layer of the epidermis is the stratum granulosum. This layer gets its grainy look from the keyword proteins keratin and keratohyalin produced by the keratinocytes as they move from the stratum spinosum. These proteins create granules within the cells, giving the layer its appearance.
The layer of the epidermis known as the 'grainy cells' is the stratum granulosum. This layer gains its grainy appearance due to changes in the keratinocytes as they move from the stratum spinosum. These cells, which are three to five layers deep, become flatter and their cell membranes thicken. Additionally, they generate a large amount of the proteins keratin and keratohyalin. These proteins accumulate within the cells, creating the appearance of granules, hence the 'grainy' description. As the cells die, they leave behind keratin, keratohyalin and their cell membranes to form the subsequent layers of the epidermis: the stratum lucidum, the stratum corneum, and other structures such as hair and nails.
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B)Stabilizing selection
C)Disruptive selection
Answer/ Explanation: Basophilic stippling is seen in excess of certain substances, such as lead or other heavy metals, in the body.
1. Basophilic Stippling: Basophilic stippling refers to the presence of small, dark blue or purple granules in red blood cells (RBCs) when viewed under a microscope. These granules are aggregates of ribosomes and RNA, and they appear as tiny dots or speckles within the RBCs.
2. Lead and Heavy Metal Poisoning: Basophilic stippling is commonly associated with lead poisoning or exposure to other heavy metals like arsenic or thallium. When these substances enter the bloodstream, they can affect the production and function of RBCs in the bone marrow.
3. Mechanism: The exact mechanism by which lead or other heavy metals cause basophilic stippling is not fully understood. However, it is believed that these substances interfere with the normal synthesis and maturation of RBCs, leading to the accumulation of ribosomes and RNA in the cells.
4. Diagnostic Significance: The presence of basophilic stippling in RBCs can be an important diagnostic clue for lead or heavy metal poisoning. It is often observed in blood smears of individuals with chronic exposure to these toxic substances. However, it is important to note that basophilic stippling is not specific to lead poisoning and can also be seen in other conditions such as certain anemias or myelodysplastic syndromes.
In summary, basophilic stippling is observed in excess of substances like lead or other heavy metals in the body. It is a microscopic finding characterized by the presence of small granules within red blood cells. The identification of basophilic stippling can be a useful indicator for the presence of lead or heavy metal poisoning, although further diagnostic tests may be required for confirmation.