Explanation:
It is known that formula for area of a sphere is as follows.
A =
=
= 3.14
= (27 + 273.15) K = 300.15 K
T = (77 + 273.15) K = 350.15 K
Formula to calculate the net charge is as follows.
Q =
where, e = emissivity = 0.85
s = stefan-boltzmann constant =
A = surface area
Hence, putting the given values into the above formula as follows.
Q =
=
= 1046.63 W
Therefore, we can conclude that the net flow of energy transferred to the environment in 1 second is 1046.63 W.
Solid is the low energy state of condensed matter is characterized by structural rigidity
The low-energy state of condensed matter characterized by structural rigidity and resistance to shape or volume changes is the solid state. This is due to its atomic structure, where molecules are organized in a rigid lattice, allowing the solid to maintain its shape and resist deformation.
The low-energy state of condensed matter that is characterized by structural rigidity and resistance to changes of shape or volume is defined as a solid. Going back to its atomic structure, atoms in a solid are in close contact and the forces between them allow the atoms to vibrate but not to change positions with neighbouring atoms. Basically, this atomic regulation in a solid form leads to its characteristic rigidity and resistance to shape or volume alterations.
Molecules in a solid, unlike in a liquid or gas, are organized into a lattice formation and retain this pattern despite external forces. This allows the solid state to resist deformation, maintain its shape, and have fairly constant volume. The ability of solids to resist compression is also due to their lattice structure, where atoms are at a relatively fixed distance apart, and under compression, the atoms would be forced into one another.
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