Answer:
B. The activity will speed up
Explanation:
As temperature increases, enzyme activity increases (until is passes the optimum temperature)
significance in commercial products such as cheese and yogurt
sewage disposal
nitrogen fixation
Answer: All the four
Bacteria are single celled simple prokaryotic organisms. They perform different roles in nature:
1. decomposition: It is a process in which the complex organic matter from dead remains of plants and animals is converted into simple molecules. Many bacterial agents participate in this process, in order to obtain their nourishment. Decomposition is a natural waste management process.
2.significance in commercial products such as cheese and yogurt: Bacterial strain named as Lactobacillus is used in dairy products like cheese and yogurt. Bacteria are used to make organic acids in pickles and vinegar. Sourdough bread is made by the fermentation process of the yeast and bacteria is also used as an ingredient.
3.sewage disposal: The decomposing nature of the bacteria facilitates the degradation of organic waste present in the sewage. Therefore, they help in sewage waste management or disposal.
4. nitrogen fixation: Some bacteria lives in symbiotic relationship with plants, especially with leguminous plants. The bacteria trap the atmospheric nitrogen from the environment and supply it to plants, which is necessary for growth, in return the bacteria receives nutrition from plants.
Therefore, all the four options are correct.
Mitosis is a process cell division, where one cell divides into two identical cells. Mitosis consists of four phases - prophase, metaphase, anaphase, telophase and cytokinesis.1. Prophase: Chromatin in the nucleus condenses and chromosomes pair up.2. Metaphase: Chromosomes line up at the centre of the cell.3. Anaphase: The sister chromatides separate from each other to the oposite sides of the cells.4. Telophase and Cytokinesis: Membrane forms around each set of chromosomes on two opposite sides of the cells and cell divides into two identical daughter cells.
Answer: Polar covalent bond
Explanation:
In ionic compounds, electrons are transferred between atoms of different elements to form ions. But this is not the only way that compounds can be formed. Atoms can also make chemical bonds by sharing electrons equally between each other. Such bonds are called covalent bonds
The animals and humans contain about 20 different amino acids, which combine in different combinations to form a functional protein.
Further Explanation:
Protein synthesis occurs in the following steps:
1. The DNA sequence present in the gene is converted into the messenger RNA (mRNA) sequence through transcription.
2. This mRNA is then translated into an amino acid sequence by translation resulting in the formation of protein or polypeptide chain.
A nucleotide sequence makes up an mRNA, which is read as a codon sequence. Each codon specifies an amino acid. A codon is a set of three nucleotides, and a complete chain of codons determining the amino acid sequence for a particular protein is called the genetic code.
The proteins are composed of different mixtures of 20 amino acids and are expressed through DNA containing only four nucleotides. The different sets of nucleotides are present in a group of three codes for particular amino acids and are referred to as codons. This combination of nucleotides results in the formation of 64 codons for coding 20 amino acids. Out of 64 codons, three are stop codons while the other 61 codons represent an amino acid.
Each amino acid consists of a carboxyl group which is acidic in nature; it has an organic side chain or R group, and an amino group (basic). The R group is unique or specific for a particular amino acid. All these groups are attached to a carbon atom placed at the center. The amino acids are grouped as essential and non-essential, depending on whether they are obtained from the food sources or made within the body, respectively.
The amino acids are essential for humans as they help in the formation of proteins. These proteins are required for the formation of red blood cells, antibodies, enzymes, transport proteins, hormones, and for growth and repair of the organs and tissues.
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Answer Details:
Grade: High School
Chapter: Protein Synthesis
Subject: Biology
Keywords:
Protein synthesis, translation, ribosomes, mRNA, transcription, DNA, nucleotides, codon, amino acids, genetic code, stop codons, amino group, carboxyl group, R group, side chain, essential amino acid, non-essential amino acid, red blood cells, enzymes, antibodies, hormones.
Living organisms typically have 20 common amino acids. Nine of these are essential for humans as the body cannot produce them. Amino acid sequences can also inform us about the evolutionary relationships between species.
In living organisms, there are typically 20 common amino acids that are found. These include asparagine, tyrosine, tryptophan and phenylalanine, each with a different R group (variant group) that determines its chemical nature. However, out of these 20, nine are considered essential amino acids in humans because the human body cannot produce them. Therefore, these nine need to be consumed in our diet.
Furthermore, the comparison of amino acid sequences in proteins such as cytochrome c among different species has been a key method to trace evolutionary relationships. In this method, the more amino acid sequence differences there are between two species, the longer ago they are presumed to have diverged from a common ancestor.
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b. sexual reproduction.
c. binary fission.
d. mitosis.
The answer is d. mitosis.
The cells in the meristematic region of the root are embryonic cells. Thus, these undifferentiated cells have the capacity to undergo continuous mitotic divisions and divide into new cells. The meristematic region of the root contains meristem cells for the root growth.