Answer: The terms ‘sex’ and ‘gender’ mean differentthings to different feminist theorists and neither are easy orstraightforward to characterise. Sketching out some feminist historyof the terms provides a helpful starting point.
One way to interpret Beauvoir's claim that one is not born but ratherbecomes a woman is to take it as a claim about gender socialisation:females become women through a process whereby they acquire femininetraits and learn feminine behaviour. Masculinity and femininity arethought to be products of nurture or how individuals are broughtup.
2.2 Gender as feminine and masculine personality
Nancy Chodorow (1978; 1995) has criticised social learning theory astoo simplistic to explain gender differences (see also Deaux &Major 1990; Gatens 1996). Instead, she holds that gender is a matterof having feminine and masculine personalities that develop in earlyinfancy as responses to prevalent parenting practices. In particular,gendered personalities develop because women tend to be the primarycaretakers of small children. Chodorow holds that because mothers (orother prominent females) t...
2.3 Gender as feminine and masculine sexuality
Catharine MacKinnon develops her theory of gender as a theory ofsexuality. Very roughly: the social meaning of sex (gender) is createdby sexual objectification of women whereby women are viewed andtreated as objects for satisfying men's desires (MacKinnon1989).
The positions outlined above share an underlying metaphysical perspective on gender: gender realism.[2] That is, women as a group areassumed to share some characteristic feature, experience, commoncondition or criterion that defines their gender and the possession ofwhich makes some individuals women (as opposed to, say, men).All women are thought to differ from all men in thisrespect (or respects). For example, MacKinnon thought that beingtreated in sexually objectifying ways is the common c...
3.2 Is sex classification solely a matter of biology?
Many people, including many feminists, have ordinarily taken sexascriptions to be solely a matter of biology with no social or culturaldimension. It is commonplace to think that there are only two sexes andthat biological sex classifications are utterly unproblematic. Bycontrast, some feminists have argued that sex classifications are notunproblematic and that they are not solely a matter of biology. Inorder to make sense of this, it is helpful to distinguish object- andidea-construction (see...
3.3 Are sex and gender distinct?
In addition to arguing against identity politics and for genderperformativity, Butler holds that distinguishing biologicalsex from socialgender is unintelligible.
Hope all this helped.
Answer:
The Church in medieval society lost political and cultural influence. (I think sorry if it's wrong)
Explanation:
B. All three are polytheistic religions.
C. Holy texts in all three religions describe many similar events, figures, and stories.
D. The city of Jerusalem is a holy site in all three faiths.
Answer:
Option B, All three are polytheistic religions, is the right answer.
Explanation:
Abrahamism is a term used to describe the Abrahamic religions. The Abrahamic religions are a group of Semitic-originated ethical communities of a belief that claim shares the lineage from Judaism and the devotions of Abraham's God. The nature of Abrahamic religions is monotheistic. In this way, the Abrahamic religion shares all the given characteristics except option B.
Answer:
The correct answer is b. Religion-based slave systems provided more pathways to freedom. According to the web search results, religion-based slavery was practiced in the Islamic world and in some parts of Europe before the Atlantic slave trade began12 In these systems, slaves were usually captured or bought from non-Muslim or non-Christian lands, and they could gain their freedom by converting to the dominant religion or by other means, such as manumission (legal freeing by the master), ransom, or self-purchase23 Race-based slavery, on the other hand, emerged in the Americas as a way of exploiting African labor and justifying their oppression by defining them as racially inferior and outside of Christian salvation145 In this system, slaves were inherited by their children and had very few opportunities to escape their condition, regardless of their religious affiliation or conversion14 Race-based slavery was more rigid and permanent than religion-based slavery, and it had lasting effects on the social and racial hierarchies of the Americas45
Explanation: